4-(3-Methoxy­phen­yl)-1-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl­idene)thio­semicarbazide

In the title compound, C16H14N4O2S, intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonding forms an S(5) ring, whereas N—H⋯O and C—H⋯S inter­actions complete S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, mol­ecules form inversion dimers due to N—H⋯O inter­actions. The dimers are inter­linked through N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds and π–π inter­actions occur with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.8422 (11) Å between the meth­oxy-containing benzene ring and the five-membered heterocyclic ring

1-(2-Oxoindolin-3-yl­idene)-4-[2-(trifluoro­meth­oxy)phen­yl]thio­semi­carbazide

The crystal structure of the title compound, C16H11F3N4O2S, is stabilized in the form of polymeric chains by N—H⋯O inter­actions. In the mol­ecular structure, two S(5) ring motifs are formed by intra­molecular N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding and two S(6) rings are present due to N—H⋯O and C—H⋯S inter­actions. π–π inter­actions are present with distances of 3.2735 (17), 3.563 (2) and 3.664 (4)/3.688 (3) Å between the centroids of the heterocyclic rings, between the centroids of the heterocyclic ring and trifluoro­meth­oxy-substituted phenyl ring, and between the centroids of the trifluoro­meth­oxy-substituted phenyl rings, respectively. The trifluoro­meth­oxy­phenyl group is disordered over two sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.642 (10):0.358 (10)

1-[2-Oxo-5-(trifluoro­meth­oxy)indolin-3-yl­idene]-4-[4-(trifluoro­methyl)­phen­yl]thio­semicarbazide

In the title compound, C17H10F6N4O2S, an intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds forms an S(5) ring whereas N—H⋯O and C—H⋯S inter­actions complete S(6) ring motifs. The dihedral angle between the fused ring system and the phenyl ring is 6.68 (8)°. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are dimerized due to N—H⋯O inter­actions. π–π inter­actions are present between the benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6913 (15) Å] and between the five membered ring and the trifluoro­meth­yl)phenyl ring [centroids–centroid distance = 3.7827 (16) Å]. One of the trifluoro­meth­oxy F atoms is disordered over two sites with occupancy ratio of 0.76 (3):0.24 (3). The F atoms of the p-trifluoro­methyl substituent are disordered over three sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.70 (2):0.152 (11):0.147 (13)

Inflation and financial sector correlation: the case of Bangladesh

This paper examines the impact of inflation on financial development in case of Bangladesh for the period of 1985-2005. In doing so, ARDL bounds testing approach and Error Correction Method (ECM) have been employed. Empirical findings reveal that high trends of inflation impede the performance of financial markets. GDP per capita promotes development of financial sector through its causal channels.Financial Sector, Inflation, Pakistan, ARDL Approach

Multi-band Oversampled Noise Shaping Analog to Digital Conversion

Oversampled noise shaping analog to digital (A/D) converters, which are commonly known as delta-sigma (ΔΣ) converters, have the ability to convert relatively low bandwidth signals with very high resolution. Such converters achieve their high resolution by oversampling, as well as processing the signal and quantization noise with different transfer functions. The signal transfer function (STF) is typically a delay over the signal band while the noise transfer function (NTF) is designed to attenuate quantization noise in the signal band. A side effect of the NTF is an amplification of the noise outside the signal band. Thus, a digital filter subsequently attenuates the out-of-band quantization noise. The focus of this thesis is the investigation of ΔΣ architectures that increase the bandwidth where high resolution conversion can be achieved. It uses parallel architectures exploiting frequency or time slicing to meet this objective. Frequency slicing involves quantizing different portions of the signal frequency spectrum using several quantizers in parallel and then combining the results of the quantizers to form an overall result. Time slicing involves quantizing various groups of time domain signal samples with different quantizers in parallel and then combining the results of the quantizers to form an overall output. Several interesting observations can be made from this general perspective of frequency and time slicing. Although the representation of a signal are completely equivalent in time or frequency, the thesis shows that this is not the case for known frequency and time sliced A/D architectures. The performance of such systems under ideal conditions are compared for PCM as well as for ΔΣ A/D converters. A multi-band frequency sliced architecture for delta-sigma conversion is proposed and its performance is included in the above comparison. The architecture uses modulators which realize different NTFs for different portions of the signal band. Each band is converted in parallel. A bank of FIR filters attenuates the out of-band noise for each band and achieves perfect reconstruction of the signal component. A design procedure is provided for the design of the filter bank with reduced computational complexity. The use of complex NTFs in the multi-band ΔΣ architecture is also proposed. The peformance of real and complex NTFs is compared. Performance evaluations are made for ideal systems as well as systems suffering from circuit implementation imperfections such as finite opamp gain and mismatched capacitor ratios

4-(3-Nitro­phen­yl)-1-(2-oxoindolin-3-yl­idene)thio­semicarbazide

In the title compound, C15H11N5O3S, intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonding forms an S(5) ring motif, whereas N—H⋯O and C—H⋯S inter­actions type complete S(6) ring motifs. The 2-oxoindoline and 3-methoxy­phenyl rings are almost planar, with r.m.s. deviations of 0.0178 and 0.0149 Å, respectively, and form a dihedral angle of 33.59 (3)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are inter­linked through the nitro groups in an end-to-end fashion via N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O inter­actions

Classification and immunophenotyping of acute Leukemias: a prospective study.

Over a period of 3-1/2 years, 86 cases of acute leukemia were analyzed by immunohistochemical (IHC) means on ficoll separated cytospin preparations of peripheral blood and/or bone marrow samples. Antibodies included in the panel were specific against Tdt, HLA-DR, CD19/CD2O/CD22, CALLA (CD1O), CD2, CD11C as well as against Ig heavy chains. Of 86 cases analyzed, 48 cases were of ALL, (25 of common pre-B ALL, 15 of pre-B/NULL and 8 of T ALL phenotype), twenty-four (24) out of 86 cases were of non­lymphoblastic (AML/AMML) type. In six cases, there was suggestion of a mixed lineage, while in 8 cases there was inconclusive diagnosis. Mean age was lower in common ALL sub-set of ALL as compared to pre-B/NuIl gmup (i.e., 8 vs 12 years), while in non-lymphoblastic group it was 36 years. T cell phenotype was invariably seen in young adults, who usually presented with a mediastinal mass

Perspective and Prospects of Commencing New Education Policy (NEP) of Pakistan: A Review of Conference.

This article focuses on four important factors: Assessment, Curriculum and Text Books’ Policy, Teachers for quality education and Education and management, as formulated by Education and Literacy Department of Sindh Government. Open poll discussions and views given by educationists and experts were taken. All the views have been summarized for consideration by all concerned. Chief Minister Sindh, Arbab Ghulam Rahim, Javed Hussain, Education Minister, Hamida Khoro and Education Secretary to Government of Sindh, Ghulam Ali Pasha also shared their opinions on the new Education Policy and Government’s intention to ensure quality education in Sindh Province. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize the views presented in the Education Conference and reach fruitful conclusions. The implications are also made keeping in mind the targets of New Millennium Development Goals (NMDGs).Assessment, Curriculum and Text Book Policy, Education and Management, Literacy

1-Acetyl-3-[2-(2,3,5,6-tetra­fluoro­phen­yl)hydrazin-1-yl­idene]indolin-2-one

In the title compound, C16H9F4N3O2, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring systems is 4.10 (14)° and a bifurcated intra­molecular N—H⋯(O,F) hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring for the O-atom acceptor and an S(5) ring for the F-atom acceptor. A short C—H⋯O conact also occurs. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O inter­actions

Family Types, Authority Structure and Women Workers in Sindh Labor Force: Problems and Prospects

The development of a society is virtually dependent upon the quality of human resources both male and female, the changing pattern of economic and social development of world societies irrespective of their level of development, necessitates and equal advancement of both the social segments. The numerical reality that women constitute about nearly half of the total population of Sindh ideally assigns to them equal participating role in the economic life of the province. However, like other developing countries, women’s role in Sindh as an active worker-producer of goods and services has not been duly recognized by this male dominated society. With the objective of ensuring increased participation of women, clear-cut guidelines about integrating women in the development process and defining their roles are still lacking in Sindh. The present study is a step in the direction of bridging the gap of information about female labor force participation of Sindh in different, activity rates, industry group, occupation group and employment status in 1981 and 1998 population census. The most important conclusion that emerges from this study is that though percentage of women labor force in different, activities, industry group, occupation group and employment status has mostly increased in 1998 as compared to 1981, but being nearly half of the population this increase is still very low.Family, Authority, Problems, Female, Labor Force, Sindh