1,536 research outputs found
Canonical quantization of non-local field equations
We consistently quantize a class of relativistic non-local field equations
characterized by a non-local kinetic term in the lagrangian. We solve the
classical non-local equations of motion for a scalar field and evaluate the
on-shell hamiltonian. The quantization is realized by imposing Heisenberg's
equation which leads to the commutator algebra obeyed by the Fourier components
of the field. We show that the field operator carries, in general, a reducible
representation of the Poincare group. We also consider the Gupta-Bleuler
quantization of a non-local gauge field and analyze the propagators and the
physical states of the theory.Comment: 18 p., LaTe
A Family of unitary higher order equations
A scalar field obeying a Lorentz invariant higher order wave equation, is
minimally coupled to the electromagnetic field. The propagator and vertex
factors for the Feynman diagrams, are determined. As an example we write down
the matrix element for the Compton effect. This matrix element is algebraically
reduced to the usual one for a charged Klein-Gordon particle. It is proved that
the order theory is equivalent to n independent second order
theories. It is also shown that the higher order theory is both renormalizable
and unitary for arbitrary n.Comment: 17 pages, LaTex, no figure
Center vortices as sources of Abelian dominance in pure SU(2) Yang-Mills theory
We argue that in the infrared regime of continuum Yang-Mills theory, the
possibility of a mass gap in the charged sector is closely associated with the
center vortex sector.
The analysis of the possible consequences of the ensembles of defects is done
by showing that the description of center vortices and monopoles is naturally
unified by means of a careful treatment of Cho decomposition.
If on the one hand confinement is usually associated with monopole
condensation in a compact abelian model, in this scenario, the previous
decoupling of the off-diagonal degrees of freedom, for the abelian model
dominate at large distances, can be understood as induced by a phase where
center vortices become thick objects.
Other important scenarios for correlated monopoles and center vortices,
observed in lattice simulations, are also accomodated in our general
formulation.Comment: 36 pages, improved version containing a more general discussio
Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: introduction
In 2005 the World Health Organisation (WHO) asked its Advisory Committee on Health Research (ACHR) for advice on ways in which WHO can improve the use of research evidence in the development of recommendations, including guidelines and policies. The ACHR established the Subcommittee on the Use of Research Evidence (SURE) to collect background documentation and consult widely among WHO staff, international experts and end users of WHO recommendations to inform its advice to WHO. We have prepared a series of reviews of methods that are used in the development of guidelines as part of this background documentation. We describe here the background and methods of these reviews, which are being published in Health Research Policy and Systems together with this introduction
From center-vortex ensembles to the confining flux tube
In this review, we discuss the present status of the description of confining
flux tubes in SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory in terms of ensembles of percolating
center vortices. This is based on three main pillars: modelling in the
continuum the ensemble components detected in the lattice, the derivation of
effective field representations, and contrasting the associated properties with
Monte Carlo lattice results. The integration of the present knowledge about
these points is essential to get closer to a unified physical picture for
confinement. Here, we shall emphasize the last advances, which point to the
importance of including the nonoriented center-vortex component and non-Abelian
degrees when modelling the center-vortex ensemble measure. These inputs are
responsible for the emergence of topological solitons and the possibility of
accommodating the asymptotic scaling properties of the confining string
tension
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