Not Available

Not AvailableEffect of climate on livestockNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailablePig rearing is an integral part of traditional Naga life. The rural tribal population comprises about 80% of the state who are mostly engaged in agriculture and some form of animal husbandry. Pig is most important livestock which plays an integral role in improving the economic status of the tribal and weaker section of the Nagaland. Pig alone accounts for 55.38% of the total livestock population in Nagaland, but still a wide gap exists between the demand and availability of pork mainly due to traditional production system. Nagaland is the highest pork consuming state on per capita basis. The swine population of Nagaland stood at 0.698 million at the last estimate (2013) which is an immediate increase from 0.504 million (2012). Out of this, 75.59% are exotic or mixed while 24.41% are indigenous breeds. However due to indiscriminate breeding the genetic potential of the swine population has become unpredictable and there arises an urgent need to introduce and supply improved germplasm in the state.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe North-Eastern Hills Region of India in general and Nagaland in particular is characterized by inaccessibility, marginality, fragility, cultural heterogeneity, rich biodiversity, low livestock and crop productivity. In Nagaland, there are 16 recognized tribes besides numerous minor tribes which are mostly non-vegetarian. Also, the per caput consumption of animal protein is highest in Nagaland. Meat of any kind of animal is acceptable without any religion consideration. Tribal farmers of the State evolve a zero to negligible input based livestock and poultry production system. This system aims to get medium output from nearly zero input and mostly depends on the locally available resources. However, there are major constainsts like non-availability of good poultry germplasm, lack of scientific knowledge of improved production practices and higher feed cost deters the tribal farmers for going for commercial poultry farming. The State is almost 40% deficient in animal meat and products.Not Availabl

Structural Relations Among the Components of Household Income and Expenditure in Kohima, Nagaland

This paper presents our findings on the structural relationship between household income and consumption expenditure in the township of Kohima. It is based on the primary data collected from 209 households inhabiting 19 wards of the township. It is found that about 56 percent of households are in the per capita monthly income class below Rs. 4000. About 61 percent of the household income is drawn from salaries and pension while about 22 percent of the same is drawn from self-employment. About one third of the income is spent on food items and about one fifth of the income is spent on clothes, shoes and housing-related items. About 11 percent of income is spent on education. The average propensity to consume is about 63 percent of income. The marginal propensity to consume is about 0.55. Per capita income explains about 85 percent of variance in per capita consumption expenditure. Distribution of income and expenditure over the households is mildly unequal as the Gini coefficients for them are 0.367 and 0.312 respectively. On the basis of income elasticity of consumption expenditure on different items it has been found that rented house is an inferior good. Most of the food items, clothing, fuel, electricity, toiletries and education are normal necessity goods. Addictive items, medicine, newspaper, telephone, cable TV, travel, etc. fall in the superior goods category. Attending to social obligations is a strongly superior item of expenditure. Increase in family size affects consumption of superior goods adversely. Family size and income are positively correlated. To investigate into how the different components of per capita income (salaries, pension, wages, etc.) relate to the different components of consumption expenditure (on food grains, vegetables, etc.), not severely but jointly, we have gone in for the canonical correlation analysis. This analysis between income components and expenditure components indicates that income obtained from secure and stable streams such as salaries, pension, rentals and self-employment supports expenditure on necessities such as food items, housing, clothing, etc. A community-wise distribution of income and expenditure reveals that while Angami, Ao and Lotha communities among the Naga tribes are relatively better off, households belonging to other Naga communities and those migrated from other parts of the country are relatively worse off. Several factors obtained from canonical correlation analysis are strongly significant and point to much more complicated structure and divergent determinants of relationship between the components of income and consumption expenditure. We have also gone in for discriminant analysis to investigate if increase in per capita income of the households brings about structural changes in the pattern of consumption expenditure. Our findings suggest that indeed it is so and such structural changes are statistically significant