Effect of Solvent Contribution on Thermally Developing Flow of FENE-P Fluids between Parallel Plates

Numerical computation of thermally developing laminar flow of viscoelastic FENE-P fluids flowing between two stationary parallel plates is investigated using the finite element technique. The influence of the effect of the solvent contribution as well as the fluid rheology on the flow field and heat transfer enhancement is investigated for the case of imposed constant wall heat flux and neglected viscous dissipation. Numerical results for flow field are compared first against available analytical solutions with and without inclusion of the solvent contribution. The obtained results for the viscoelastic case show that increasing Weissenberg number (We) leads to an increase in Nusselt number (Nu) while high values of the extensibility parameter (L2) decrease the Nusselt number. Fully developed Nusselt number values for FENE-P fluids flowing between two fixed parallel plates are obtained for several values of polymer concentration and the study confirms quantitatively that polymer concentration enhances heat transfer rates in FENE-P fluids

Irreducible tensor-form of the relativistic corrections to the M1 transition operator

The relativistic corrections to the magnetic dipole moment operator in the Pauli approximation were derived originally by Drake (Phys. Rev. A 3(1971)908). In the present paper, we derive their irreducible tensor-operator form to be used in atomic structure codes adopting the Fano-Racah-Wigner algebra for calculating its matrix elements.Comment: 26 page

Intercultural Competence

In this article, we first examine the concept of intercultural competence and the related concept of intercultural communicative competence. In Europe, the key documents are the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages and the Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture. In the USA, a parallel development led to the World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages. These are perspectives from the “Global North” which have had influence beyond their geographical and intellectual boundaries, and we analyse education policy and curriculum documents from different countries and regions to understand if, and how, intercultural competence has influenced or helped to shape the values and objectives present in different education systems either implicitly or explicitly. The education systems that we refer to are from North Africa, Asia, South America, and Europe. In a third phase, we consider differing perspectives on intercultural competence, from a “Global South” perspective, the critique of the reproduction of Western-centric knowledge and calls for “intercultural translations” to establish a relationship between different types of knowledge. There is a need to analyse and evaluate education values and objectives from different education systems to establish the relevance of intercultural competence as a type of knowledge. Fourthly we discuss and reference the ways in which the concept of intercultural (communicative) competence has been used in practice in language teaching and learning, and other areas of curricula. Finally, we consider current research related to the concept in different contexts and what future research needs we believe are important

Theoretical evaluation of the Be-7,9(-) 2s2p(2) P-4(1/2,3/2,5/2) hyperfine structure parameters and Be 2s2p P-3(o) electron affinity

The hyperfine structures of Be-7,9(-) 2s2p(2) P-4(1/2,3/2,5/2) are investigated theoretically using the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock and configuration interaction methods. The effects of the hyperfine mixing between the fine-structure J-levels are discussed. The feasibility of some atomic spectroscopy experiments, allowing determination of the Be-7 quadrupole moment from the observed hyperfine structure of the Be-7(-) negative ion and from the present electronic parameters, is investigated. The Be 2s2p P-3(o) electron affinity is monitored as a function of the orbital and configuration spaces to assess the reliability of the wavefunctions of the neutral atom and the negative ion. The theoretical value nicely converges towards the most recent theoretical and experimental results