Navigating Troubled Waters: Dealing with Personal Values When Representing Others

Legal academics have long struggled to define the appropriate role a lawyer\u27s moral judgment ought to play in client representation. In its simplest terms, the question is: Must a lawyer be a hired gun, seeking all lawful objectives sought by a client, or may a lawyer act independently to avoid the harm a client\u27s actions will cause innocent parties? Following disclosure of lawyer involvement in the Savings and Loan, Enron and WorldCom failures, many in society joined those scholars calling for greater moral responsibility. In this article, I provide an analytical approach consistent with existing law and practice that seeks to find a place for an individual lawyer\u27s moral principles. Lawyers, particularly new lawyers, need to know just how much discretion they will have to follow their consciences. Understanding the limits on one\u27s moral discretion will affect the way a lawyer practices and should influence her choice of practice environment. Prior to accepting a position, a lawyer should know whether she will be comfortable with the prevailing standards of practice

Book Review

Review of: MARC A. RODWIN, MEDICINE, MONEY & MORALS: PHYSICIANS\u27 CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. (Oxford University Press 1993). [430 pp.] Acknowledgements, acronyms, appendices, foreword, index, notes. LC: 92-49488; ISBN: 0-19-508096-3. [Cloth $25.00. 200 Madison Avenue, New York NY 10016.

Method and apparatus for detection and location of microleaks Patent

Microleak detector mounted on weld seam of propellant tank of launch vehicl

OFMspert: An architecture for an operator's associate that evolves to an intelligent tutor

With the emergence of new technology for both human-computer interaction and knowledge-based systems, a range of opportunities exist which enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of controllers of high-risk engineering systems. The design of an architecture for an operator's associate is described. This associate is a stand-alone model-based system designed to interact with operators of complex dynamic systems, such as airplanes, manned space systems, and satellite ground control systems in ways comparable to that of a human assistant. The operator function model expert system (OFMspert) architecture and the design and empirical validation of OFMspert's understanding component are described. The design and validation of OFMspert's interactive and control components are also described. A description of current work in which OFMspert provides the foundation in the development of an intelligent tutor that evolves to an assistant, as operator expertise evolves from novice to expert, is provided

Model-based displays for satellite ground control

With the emergence of new technology for both human-computer interaction and knowledge-based systems, a range of opportunities exists to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of satellite ground controllers. The use of models of operator function to represent operator activity in the context of changing system events and operator functions is illustrated. Although there are many models, the operator function model (OFM) was used in this research. In addition to representing operator activities, the OFM can be used to design 'intelligent' operator displays and, in real time, control the displayed information so that the operator has the appropriate information, at the appropriate time, and at the appropriate level of abstraction. The OFM was demonstrated in the context of a NASA Goddard Space Flight Center satellite ground control system. To evaluate the effectiveness of the model-based workstation, an experiment was conducted to compare system performance with a conventional operator workstation versus the model based workstation

Operator function modeling: An approach to cognitive task analysis in supervisory control systems

In a study of models of operators in complex, automated space systems, an operator function model (OFM) methodology was extended to represent cognitive as well as manual operator activities. Development continued on a software tool called OFMdraw, which facilitates construction of an OFM by permitting construction of a heterarchic network of nodes and arcs. Emphasis was placed on development of OFMspert, an expert system designed both to model human operation and to assist real human operators. The system uses a blackboard method of problem solving to make an on-line representation of operator intentions, called ACTIN (actions interpreter)

Fluctuation Results from PHENIX

The PHENIX Experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has made measurements of event-by-event fluctuations in the net charge, the mean transverse momentum, and the charged particle multiplicity as a function of collision energy, centrality, and transverse momentum in heavy ion collisions. The results of these measurements will be reviewed and discussed.Comment: Proceedings for the Workshop on Correlations and Fluctuations in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions, April 21-23, 2005; 10 pages, 17 figure