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Subcooled Boiling Near a Heated Wall
Experimental measurements of void fraction, bubble frequency, and velocity are obtained in subcooled R-134a flowing over a heated flat plate near an unheated wall and compared to analytical predictions. The measurements were obtained for a fixed system pressure and mass flow rate (P = 2.4 MPa and w = 106 kg/hr) at various inlet liquid temperatures. During the experiments, electrical power was applied at a constant rate to one side of the test section. The local void fraction data, acquired with a hot-film anemometer probe, showed the existence of a significant peak near the heated wall and a smaller secondary peak near the unheated wall for the larger inlet subcoolings. Local vapor velocity data, taken with the hot-film probe and a laser Doppler velocimeter, showed broad maxima near the centerline between the heated and unheated plates. Significant temperature gradients near the heated wall were observed for large inlet subcooling. Bubble size data, inferred from measurements of void fraction, bubble frequency and vapor velocity, when combined with the measured bubble chord length distributions illustrate the transition from pure three dimensional spherical to two-dimensional planar bubble flow, the latter being initiated when the bubbles fill the gap between the plates. These various two-phase flow measurements were used for development of a multidimensional, four-field calculational method; comparisons of the data to the calculations show reasonable agreement
FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF FLASHING AND LOSS OF LUMINESCENCE IN AN ASIAN LAND SNAIL, DYAKIA-STRIATA
Volume: 29Start Page: 394End Page: 39
The national picture: The reconfiguration of sovereignty, the normalization of emergency and the rise to prominence of urban security in Italy
La Guantanamo d'Europa? Il proibizionismo delle migrazioni e la violazone dei diritti fondamentali alla frontiera siciliana.
Conseguenze delle misure di contrasto dell'immigrazione irregolare sui migranti anche con riferimento ai minori ed ai richiedenti asil
‘That neighbourhood is an ethnic bomb!’ The emergence of an urban governance apparatus in Western Europe
Challenges to the fraud triangle: Questions on its usefulness
Fraud is increasing with frequency and severity. In this paper, I explore the assertion of the fraud triangle as a useful practitioner framework employed to combat fraud. This paper is anchored through Fairclough's critical discourse theory, and is supported with evidence from three accounting fraud cases. The findings indicate that the Association of Certified Fraud Examiner's (ACFE) perpetuates a discourse that presents a restricted version of fraud. Fraud is a multifaceted phenomenon, whose contextual factors may not fit into a particular framework. Consequently, the fraud triangle should not be seen as a sufficiently reliable model for antifraud professionals