Synchronous Periadriatic magmatism in the Western and Central Alps in the absence of slab breakoff

Periadriatic Alpine magmatism has long been attributed to slab breakoff after Adria-Europe continental collision, but this interpretation is challenged by geophysical data suggesting the existence of a continuous slab. Here, we shed light on this issue based on a comprehensive dataset of zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions from the main western Periadriatic intrusives (from Traversella to Adamello). Our zircon U-Pb data provide the first evidence of Eocene magmatism in the Western Alps (42-41 Ma in Traversella), and demonstrate that magmatism started synchronously in different segments of the Alpine belt, when subduction was still active. Zircon U-Pb ages define younging trends perpendicular to the strike of the European slab, suggesting a progressive Eocene-Oligocene slab steepening. We propose that slab steepening enhanced the corner flow. This process was more effective near the torn edge of the European slab, and triggered Periadriatic magmatism in the absence of slab breakoff

Chest radiography practice in critically ill patients: a postal survey in the Netherlands

BACKGROUND: To ascertain current chest radiography practice in intensive care units (ICUs) in the Netherlands. METHODS: Postal survey: a questionnaire was sent to all ICUs with > 5 beds suitable for mechanical ventilation; pediatric ICUs were excluded. When an ICU performed daily-routine chest radiographs in any group of patients it was considered to be a "daily-routine chest radiography" ICU. RESULTS: From the number of ICUs responding, 63% practice a daily-routine strategy, in which chest radiographs are obtained on a daily basis without any specific reason. A daily-routine chest radiography strategy is practiced less frequently in university-affiliated ICUs (50%) as compared to other ICUs (68%), as well as in larger ICUs (> 20 beds, 50%) as compared to smaller ICUs (< 20 beds, 65%) (P > 0.05). Remarkably, physicians that practice a daily-routine strategy consider daily-routine radiographs helpful in guiding daily practice in less than 30% of all performed radiographs. Chest radiographs are considered essential for verification of the position of invasive devices (81%) and for diagnosing pneumothorax, pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (82%, 74% and 69%, respectively). On demand chest radiographs are obtained after introduction of thoracic drains, central venous lines and endotracheal tubes in 98%, 84% and 75% of responding ICUs, respectively. Chest films are also obtained in case of ventilatory deterioration (49% of responding ICUs), and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (59%), tracheotomy (58%) and mini-tracheotomy (23%). CONCLUSION: There is notable lack of consensus on chest radiography practice in the Netherlands. This survey suggests that a large number of intensivists may doubt the value of daily-routine chest radiography, but still practice a daily-routine strategy

Structurally Well-defined Functionalized Polyolefins and Graft Copolymers Thereof as Bitumen Modifiers - Supplementary Information

Supplementary data for the article Structurally Well-defined Functionalized Polyolefins and Graft Copolymers Thereof as Bitumen Modifiers.The presented datasets comprise complete synthesis procedures and the characterization techniques of the materials disclosed in the original manuscript viz. HT-SEC, DSC, 1H NMR, DSR, FM, AFM, and standard bitumen tests

Structurally Well-defined Functionalized Polyolefins and Graft Copolymers Thereof as Bitumen Modifiers - Supplementary Information

Supplementary data for the article Structurally Well-defined Functionalized Polyolefins and Graft Copolymers Thereof as Bitumen Modifiers.The presented datasets comprise complete synthesis procedures and the characterization techniques of the materials disclosed in the original manuscript viz. HT-SEC, DSC, 1H NMR, DSR, FM, AFM, and standard bitumen tests.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Structurally Well-defined Functionalized Polyolefins and Graft Copolymers Thereof as Bitumen Modifiers - Supplementary information

Supplementary data for the article Structurally Well-defined Functionalized Polyolefins and Graft Copolymers Thereof as Bitumen Modifiers.The presented datasets comprise complete synthesis procedures and the characterization techniques of the materials disclosed in the original manuscript viz. HT-SEC, DSC, 1H NMR, DSR, FM, AFM, and standard bitumen tests.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Structurally Well-defined Functionalized Polyolefins and Graft Copolymers Thereof as Bitumen Modifiers - Supplementary Information

Supplementary data for the article Structurally Well-defined Functionalized Polyolefins and Graft Copolymers Thereof as Bitumen Modifiers.The presented datasets comprise complete synthesis procedures and the characterization techniques of the materials disclosed in the original manuscript viz. HT-SEC, DSC, 1H NMR, DSR, FM, AFM, and standard bitumen tests.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Fluid inclusion analysis as a calibration tool for exhumation rate studies: interpretation of fission-track data from the Western Alps.

In metamorphic belts, as it is difficult to constrain P-T paths at temperatures lower than 250\ub0C, the evaluation of the paleo-geothermal gradient represents a major uncertainty in exhumation rate calculations based on fission-track data. Fluid inclusion analysis, combined with a detailed structural analysis at different scales, provides a reliable tool to calibrate the thermal setting of the shallow crust during exhumation. The study area is located in the lower Aosta Valley (Sesia-Lanzo unit, Western Alps). Here, exhumation is driven by two crosscutting fault systems: the sinistral contractional Hone shear zone and the dextral normal E-W fault system, which define four distinct blocks (A to D in fig. 1). Zircon and apatite fission-track ages are different in these blocks, and span from 40 to 28 Ma (zircon), and from 36 to 20 Ma (apatite). Fluid inclusion analysis on veins sampled in different structural domains led to the recognition of three generations of primary inclusions, related to different deformation phases. Microthermometric measurements reveal that they lie on two near-parallel isochores. Their trapping temperature along the isochore has been evaluated on the basis of the rheological behaviour of quartz and feldspar during the coeval deformation phases. The resulting concave upward P-T path corresponds to a geothermal gradient of 30\ub0C/km during cooling below 300\ub0C (fig. 2). Derived exhumation rates range from 1.5 km/Ma (Hone shear zone hanging wall, A-C in fig. 1, during Early Oligocene) to 0.1 km/Ma (E-W fault system hanging wall, C-D in fig. 1, from Late Oligocene onward)