Congenital dislocation of knee: results of the treatment in 29 cases between 1970 and 2010 years at Shafa Yahyaian Hospital in Tehran

Background: There are not many reports regarding the treatment approaches of congenital dislocation of the knee in the literature. Therefore, the preferred method of treatment of this rare congenital disease is still controversial. Hereby, we report the treatment outcome of 29 patients admitted in Shafa Yahyaian Hospital during 40 years. Methods: In this retrospective study done in Shafa Yahyaian Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2010, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 29 patients treated conservatively or surgically for congenital dislocation of the knee. Patients had been evaluated for an average follow-up of 8.5 years. Results: Overall, 54 knee dislocations had been treated surgically (58%) or conservatively (42%). Range of knee motion, persistent recurvatum, instability, valgus deformity after treatment and limping were the more important factors reported in the two surgically or conservatively treated groups. Knee function was satisfactory in patients with conservative treatment. Despite 80% of instability in the operated knees, patients could ambulate with or without braces and had a range of motion equal to 80 degrees. Knee function was also good after quadricepsplasty with transarticular pins in selected cases. Conclusion: We recommend a conservative approach to the disease, regardless of the patient's age at the time of treatment and subsequent surgery in patients with dissatisfactory recovery. Quadricepsplasty with transarticular fixation is recommended as a good option in treating these patients. Posterior capsulorrhaphy for patients with CDK and ligamentous laxity is also recommended

The Comparison of Biochemical and Sequencing 16S rDNA Gene Methods to Identify Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

ABSTRACT The identification of Mycobacteria in the species level has great medical importance. Biochemical tests are laborious and time-consuming, so new techniques could be used to identify the species. This research aimed to the comparison of biochemical and sequencing 16S rDNA gene methods to identify nontuberculous Mycobacteria in patients suspected to tuberculosis in Golestan province which is the most prevalent region of tuberculosis in Iran. Among 3336 patients suspected to tuberculosis referred to hospitals and health care centres in Golestan province during 2010-2011, 319 (9.56%) culture positive cases were collected. Identification of species by using biochemical tests was done. On the samples recognized as nontuberculous Mycobacteria, after DNA extraction by boiling, 16S rDNA PCR was done and their sequencing were identified by NCBI BLAST. Of the 319 positive samples in Golestan Province, 300 cases were M.tuberculosis and 19 cases (5.01%) were identified as nontuberculous Mycobacteria by biochemical tests. 15 out of 19 nontuberculous Mycobacteria were identified by PCR and sequencing method as similar by biochemical methods (similarity rate: 78.9%). But after PCR, 1 case known as M.simiae by biochemical test was identified as M. lentiflavum and 3 other cases were identified as Nocardia. Biochemical methods corresponded to the 16S rDNA PCR and sequencing in 78.9% of cases. However, in identification of M. lentiflavum and Nocaria sp. the molecular method is better than biochemical methods

The comparison of biochemical and sequencing 16S rDNA gene methods to identify nontuberculous Mycobacteria

The identification of Mycobacteria in the species level has great medical importance. Biochemical tests are laborious and time-consuming, so new techniques could be used to identify the species. This research aimed to the comparison of biochemical and sequencing 16S rDNA gene methods to identify nontuberculous Mycobacteria in patients suspected to tuberculosis in Golestan province which is the most prevalent region of tuberculosis in Iran. Among 3336 patients suspected to tuberculosis referred to hospitals and health care centres in Golestan province during 2010-2011, 319 (9.56%) culture positive cases were collected. Identification of species by using biochemical tests was done. On the samples recognized as nontuberculous Mycobacteria, after DNA extraction by boiling, 16S rDNA PCR was done and their sequencing were identified by NCBI BLAST. Of the 319 positive samples in Golestan Province, 300 cases were M.tuberculosis and 19 cases (5.01%) were identified as nontuberculous Mycobacteria by biochemical tests. 15 out of 19 nontuberculous Mycobacteria were identified by PCR and sequencing method as similar by biochemical methods (similarity rate: 78.9%). But after PCR, 1 case known as M.simiae by biochemical test was identified as M. lentiflavum and 3 other cases were identified as Nocardia. Biochemical methods corresponded to the 16S rDNA PCR and sequencing in 78.9% of cases. However, in identification of M. lentiflavum and Nocaria sp. the molecular method is better than biochemical methods. © 2014 by Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute

Occurrence and risk factors of nontuberculous mycobacteria in tuberculosis-suspected patients in the north of Iran

Background and Objectives: Some Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) can occasionally infect the human population and cause infections having symptoms similar to tuberculosis (TB). This study tried to provide updated data about the fre-quency and diversity of NTM species. Materials and Methods: Suspicious samples of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) with both positive results in Zie-hl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and Löwenstein-Jensen medium culturing were evaluated during January 2016 and December 2018 in Gorgan, Iran. After determination of MTB isolates by the growth rate, pigmentation status, the niacin test, and the insertion sequence 6110 (IS6110) PCR assay, other unknown isolates (presumably NTM) were detected by the 16S rDNA sequencing method and drawing the phylogenetic tree. Based on the patients� demographic information, their risk factors were also assessed. Results: Among 226 culture-positive samples, obtained from 2994 individuals with suspected symptoms of TB, the analyses found 12 (5.3) NTM and three Mycobacterium caprae isolates. Mycobacterium simiae (6/12) was the most prevalent NTM species. The average nucleotide similarity value was 98.2 ± 3.7. In comparison to patients with MTB (211 confirmed cas-es), other mycobacterium infections were more common in patients over 65 years old (Odd ratio (95 convenience interval): 2.96 (0.69-12.59), P = 0.14). Conclusion: Although the NTM species has a small portion in TB suspected patients, their prevalence has increased, mainly in elderly patients. Moreover, M. simiae was the most prevalent NTM species in our region. Therefore, identification of common species in each region is recommended and clinicians should pay more attention to them in each region. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences

The Role of Genital Mycoplasmas in Preterm Labor

Background: Growth of Mycoplasma in genital tract can cause problems such as infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and preterm labor. This study was designed to evaluate the role of these bacteria in preterm labor among individuals in Gorgan city which is located in north of Iran.Methods: The study included 100 women with complaints of pain in preterm labor before 37 weeks of pregnancy (case group) and 100 women with term labor (control group) who were referred to Shahid Sayyad Shirazi Teaching Hospital in Gorgan city, north of Iran. Vaginal swabs, collected from all of these women, were evaluated for genital Mycoplasma sp. by molecular method using specific primers with polymerization chain reaction (PCR). The comparison of results was done by conducting X2and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Genital Mycoplasma was detected in 78 cases (39) of 200 vaginal samples. Genital Mycoplasma colonization rates in the preterm and term samples were 60 and 18, respectively, with relative risk of 2.05 (1.78-2.37) (p=0.001). The proportion of Ureaplasma parvum (44 and 15), Ureaplasma urealyticum (11, 3), and Mycoplasma homins (5, 0) was significantly higher in women with preterm birth (PTB) than term labor. No cases of Mycoplasma genitalum were detected in this study. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between presence of genital Mycoplasma in vaginal secretion and the risk of preterm labor. © 2022 Avicenna Research Institute. All rights reserved

The Prevalence of plcD Gene and Evaluation of IS6110 Insertion Status in This Gene in Some Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates

Abstract: Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a dangerous and fatal infection. Phospholipid genes can be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The aims of this study were evaluation of the plcD gene prevalence and polymorphisms in some clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the position of IS6110 element in this gene. Methods: This study was conducted on 250 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. The frequency and polymorphism of the plcD gene were detected by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). As well as, the ability and place of the IS6110 element to insert into the plcD gene were evaluated. Results: The plcD gene was present in 88 (35.2) isolates. Among them, 73 cases (82.95) had a normal PCR product without the IS6110 element, and the size of PCR products of plcD was 2837 bp in other positive cases, which indicated the presence of the IS6110 element. Surprisingly, the plcD gene was absent in all Beijing isolates. Conclusions: Based on the data, the plcD gene is one of the normal sites for the insertion of the IS6110 element. In addition, these findings indicated that the role of plcD in the pathogenesis of TB may be covered by other plc genes, as this gene was deleted in all Beijing isolates studied in this research. © 2021, Allerton Press, Inc

Mycobacterium tuberculosis typing using Allele-specific oligonucleotide multiplex PCR (ASO�PCR) method

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) genotyping provides valuable information related to the origin and the evolution of the isolates. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) technique for lineages identification of M. tuberculosis and compare it with mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units�variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU�VNTR) method. The lineages of 162 clinically isolates were evaluated using six pair primers by Multiplex-PCR based on SNPs. Among 162 isolates, 70 (43.2) isolates were lineage 4, following that 62 (38.3) and 22 (13.6) isolates were lineage 3 and 2, respectively. The method could not type 8 (4.9) isolates. Moreover, we could identify 71 out of 79 unknown isolates resulted from the MIRU�VNTR method. The results showed that the SNP typing method has the potential to determine the lineages of M. tuberculosis as a rapid laboratory screening test. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature