Antimicrobial resistance in aerobic bacterial isolates from broiler lungs

Antibacterial resistant bacteria cause a big concern to poultry and to public health in general because some bacterial poultry pathogens can infect human or transfer their resistance ability to human pathogens. Non therapeutic use of antibacterial in poultry especially as growth promoters to increase feed conversion efficiency is thought to be one of the main causes of resistance. The study included pulmonary swab samples collected during necropsy from 120 poultry farms showing respiratory symptoms with mortality. The disc diffusion method for antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed and antibiotic disks for 21 antibiotics was used. The results showed that three antibacterials were sensitive to more than 50% of the isolates. The first is doxycycline and 69.9% of the isolates were sensitive. The second is Cefalexin with 60.5% sensitive isolates and third is Chloramphenicol with 55.2% sensitive isolates. In the rest of antibacterials, less than 50% were sensitive. Five isolates were found resistant to all antibacterials. Moreover, three samples were found negative with no bacterial growth. The present study concluded that 50% of the aerobic bacteria isolated from poultry lungs are resistant to 85% of the 21 antibiotics tested in the study

MHD squeezing flow of nanoliquid on a porous stretched surface: numerical study

This work is aimed at conducting a comparative study between two base fluids water as well as ethylene glycol along with nanoparticle (oxide aluminium). Analysis is done for determining unsteadiness between two parallel walls, wherein squeezing of upper wall towards lower is done, while porous stretching surface is lower. The mathematical formulation uses constitutive expression pertaining to viscous nanoliquids. By keeping a variable magnetic field, conduction of nanoliquid is done electrically. The partial differential equations concerning the issue were resolved after transforming to ordinary differential equations by employing forth-fifth Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method. The effect of disparity in various parameters pertaining to temperature, velocity and concentration profile of nanoparticle is first plotted and then tabulated. Based on the obtained results, the velocity field was seen to enhance with rise in squeezing parameter values. Squeezing parameters that possess larger values result in decrease in temperature and concentration profiles of nanoparticles. The heat transfer of nanoliquids was seen to improve with squeezing flow, magnetic field parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction. For the rate of skin friction pertaining to ethylene glycol and water, dominance was seen for magnetic parameter M, suction parameter S and nanoparticle volume fraction parameter

Sosialisasi Literasi Kewirausahaan dan Pemanfaatan Digital pada Siswa SD Al Fityan School Tangerang

Generasi Alpha adalah generasi cerdas digital dengan potensi sangat tinggi. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi dan pengetahuan sejak dini terkait pentingnya literasi kewirausahaan dan digital pada generasi Alpha yaitu siswa SD Yayasan Al-Fityan School Tangerang. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan pengabdian literasi kali ini adalah konsep sosialisasi. Hasil kegiatan yaitu bahwa 100% siswa yang memperhatikan materi kewirausahaan siswa telah memahami materi secara keseluruhan. Selain itu, 90% siswa sudah mengetahui aplikasi Canva dan pernah memakainya, mengetahui dasar-dasar dan sudah tergolong handal dalam penggunaan aplikasi tersebut. Siswa SD di Yayasan Al-Fityan School sangat antusias, termotivasi dan terdapat peningkatan minat peserta untuk melakukan wirausaha mereka di masa depan, dan peserta memahami bagaimana tata cara mendesain dan mempromosikan suatu produk dengan menggunakan aplikasi Canva.Kata kunci: kewirausahaan, marketing, pendidika

The Effect of Rubber Crumbs on Marshall Properties for Warm Mix Asphalt

A new pavement technology has been developed in Highway engineering: asphalt pavement production is less susceptible to oxidation and the consequent damages. The warm mix asphalt (WMA) is produced at a temperature of about (10-40) oC lower than the hot asphalt paving. This is done using one of the methods of producing a WMA. Although WMA's performance is rather good, according to previous studies, as it is less susceptible to oxidation, it is possible to modify some of its properties using different materials, including polymers. Waste tires of vehicles are one of the types of polymers because of their flexible properties. The production of HMA, WMA, and WMA modified with proportions of (1, 1.5, and 2%) of rubber crumbs by the dry method are accomplished in this work. Marshall Test and volumetric properties determination are performed to evaluate its performance. The results showed that using 1% of rubber crumbs as a replacement for fine aggregate in the warm asphalt mixture produced the best properties of the WMA compared to the conventional WMA

The Effect of variation Longitudinal Ribs Height in Spanwise Direction on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Rectangular Duct

The present work has investigated numerically and experimentally the effect of a streamwise riblet on the flow and heat transfer characteristics for fully developed turbulent flow in a rectangular duct heated with constant heat flux for Reynolds number based on hydraulic diameter range of (1.5×〖10〗^4-6×〖10〗^4). Numerical simulations have been done by solving thegoverning equations (Continuity, Reynolds. Averaging Navier-stokes and Energy) in turbulent regime with appropriate turbulence model Shear-Stress Transport (k-ω) in three dimensions by using the FLUENT version (12.1.2). The variation of peak to peak height of riblet in spanwise direction ratio with 〖(h〗_s⁄h_L =0.5)was simulated. The flow structure and heat transfer characteristics (the velocity contours, vorticity contours, secondary flow contours, temperature contours, the distribution of local wall shear stress and heat transfer coefficient in spanwise direction at ribs)were presented as results. Also the effects of ribs on the flow and heat transfer characteristic at duct were presented, as the percentage of average skin friction, Stanton number and the heat transfer efficiency relative to a smooth surface. Experiments were conducted for rectangular duct of aspect ratio =10. Experimental results indicated an increase in the thickness of hydraulic and thermal sub-layer and shifted up the velocity profile, reducing the skin friction coefficient and Stanton number by about (6 %) and (23%) respectively. The experimental results gave a good agreement with the numerical simulation and previous works

Experimental investigation on the thermal-hydraulic performance of channel with gradient metal foam baffles

Metal foam is a novel material recently utilized in baffles as an alternative to solid baffles for reducing flow resistance. However, the metal foam baffles are accompanied by low heat transfer efficiency. To overcome this issue, a new design of copper foam baffles has been suggested in this research, called baffles having a gradient pore density of the copper foam. The pore density either increases or decreases towards the wall. So, the experimental tests were carried out in a square channel and heated uniformly at the bottom wall of the test section. Its walls are mounted copper foam baffles at a fixed porosity of 95%. Baffles were alternately fixed upon the walls' bottom and top in staggered mode. The results were determined for various kinds of copper foam (10 and 20) pores per inch (PPI), and the gradient pore density was either with the order decreasing (DPPI) 10/20 PPI or increasing (IPPI) 20/10 PPI with a window cut ratio of 25% and a constant heat flux of 4.4 kW/m2 . The Reynolds number was changed from 3.8x104 to 5.4x104 . The data for conventional copper solid baffles were used to compare the influence of foam metal type. The obtained results revealed an enhancement in thermohydraulic performance for baffles with a gradient pore density of the order decreasing DPPI (10/20 PPI) higher than all the models of copper foam baffles

The Training Needs Required for Famale Secondary School Leaders in Qassim District in Light of the Requirements of Knowledge Economy and Some Contemporay Trends الاحتياجات التدريبية اللازمة لقائدات مدارس المرحلة الثانوية بمنطقة القصيم في ضوء متطلبات الاقتصاد المعرفي وبعض الاتجاهات المعاصرة

Abstract: The study aimed at determining the training needs required for famale secondary school leaders in Qassim District in light of the requirements of knowledge economy and some contemporay trends. The descriptivesurvey methodology was used. The questionnaire was used to collect date. It consisted of (45) items. The population of the study consisted of all secondary school leaders in Qassim District. Their number was (83) leaders. The results showed that the assessment of the training needs of the secondary school leaders from their point of view was very large degree. There were significant differences attributed to academic qualification variable in favor of Bachelor degree holders on the total score. As well as there were significant differences in the field of permanent education, school. The results also showed that there were no significant difference due to training courses and specialization variables. The study presented some recommendations; The most important of which was the need to build highly effective training programs for school leaders in light of the requirements of the knowledge economy. ملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد الاحتياجات التدريبية اللازمة لقائدات مدارس المرحلة الثانوية بمنطقة القصيم في ضوء متطلبات الاقتصاد المعرفي. اُستخدم المنهج الوصفي المسحي لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة, إذ تكوّنت الأداة من (45) فقرة وقد تكوّن مجتمع الدراسة وعينتها من جميع قائدات المدارس الثانوية بمنطقة القصيم والبالغ عددهن (60) قائدة. وأظهرت النتائج أن تقدير الاحتياجات التدريبية اللازمة لقائدات المدارس الثانوية من وجهة نظرهن كانت بدرجة كبيرة جداً, وتبين وجود فروق ذات دلالّة إحصائية لمتغير المؤهل العلمي ولصالح حملة البكالوريوس على الدرجة الكلية فضلاً عن وجود فروق في مجال مدرسة دائمة التعليم. كما أظهرت نتائج الدراسة إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية تعزى لمتغير الدورات التدريبية والتخصص. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عديد من التوصيات ومن أهمها ضرورة بناء برامج تدريبية ذات فاعلية عالية لقائدات المدارس في ضوء متطلبات الاقتصاد المعرفي

Effect of Damage Severity and Flexural Steel Ratio on CFRP Repaired RC Beams

The study aims to investigate the effectiveness and failure modes of using CFRP-bonded sheets as a flexural repair system for RC beams, considering the effect of pre-repair damage levels and flexural steel design limits. This study investigated two different flexural design criteria: RC beams reinforced with the minimum flexural steel limit (ρmin) and RC beams reinforced with the maximum flexural steel limit (ρmax). Additionally, three pre-repair damage levels were considered: design limit load, steel yield limit load, and failure limit load. The study results showed that the RC beams’ repair effectiveness depends on the ratio of the flexural steel provided. Specifically, the beams with a minimum steel ratio demonstrated a higher capacity restoration of 49% to 85% (corresponding to the pre-repair damage level, i.e., design load to failure load), while beams with a maximum steel ratio only achieved a capacity restoration of 15.3% to 28.4%. Regarding failure modes, the beams experienced an intermediate-induced crack (IC) debonding due to pre-repair flexural cracks. Despite the debonding of the CFRP sheets, the beams still had the ability to withstand loads close to their unrepaired capacity. This indicates the possibility of re-repairing the beams after the CFRP debonding. Overall, the findings of this study can be used in the industry to repair RC beams and girders that have been damaged due to extreme loading conditions or other reasons. By using CFRP externally bonded sheets, the capacity of the structures can be restored regardless of the pre-repair damage level and the flexural steel design criteria

Structural Behaviour of a Skewed Integral Bridge Affected by Different Parameters

This paper presents results of an investigation on the effects of different parameters on the structural behavior of a skewed integral bridge. Flow velocities affected the scour depths at the piles, and subsequently, affected the structural behavior of the bridge’s substructure. Different loading locations had varying influences on the scour depth, as well as the structural behavior of the integral bridge. Laboratory tests on a scaled down hydraulic model were undertaken to simulate the structural behavior of the scoured integral bridge. The scale of the model was chosen to simulate the actual bridge dimensions, material properties, and loading. Three different velocities were accounted for, based on the actual flow velocities of the river under the bridge, and were scaled according to the model size. Two different truck locations were adopted. The main data acquired from the experiment were the displacements and strains at specific locations on the deck slab and piles. Specifically, the results of this investigation can be utilized to identify and provide accurate design parameters for the design of a skewed integral bridge. Furthermore, results can subsequently be applied in the design of a better scour protection system