Decision Strategies for Absorbance Readings from an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay—A Case Study about Testing Genotypes of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) for Resistance against Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (BNYVV)

The Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) causes rhizomania in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), which is one of the most destructive diseases in sugar beet worldwide. In breeding projects towards resistance against BNYVV, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used to determine the virus concentration in plant roots and, thus, the resistance levels of genotypes. Here, we present a simulation study to generate 10,000 small samples from the estimated density functions of ELISA values from susceptible and resistant sugar beet genotypes. We apply receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to these samples to optimise the cutoff values for sample sizes from two to eight and determine the false positive rates (FPR), true positive rates (TPR), and area under the curve (AUC). We present, furthermore, an alternative approach based upon Bayes factors to improve the decision procedure. The Bayesian approach has proven to be superior to the simple cutoff approach. The presented results could help evaluate or improve existing breeding programs and help design future selection procedures based upon ELISA. An R-script for the classification of sample data based upon Bayes factors is provided

Reasoning About Domain Knowledge and User Actions for Interactive Systems Development

In this paper, an approach to specify interactive systems by modeling user actions and domain knowledge is presented. It is shown how Description Logics can be used to formally deduce action concepts at system development time when only incomplete conceptual descriptions of manipulated domain objects are known. We will discuss how types of parameters and values of application functions will be constrained by concepts for user actions which are either automatically derived or interactively selected by the UI designer. 1 INTRODUCTION For a large class of applications, direct-manipulative interfaces with custom visualizations are required, i.e. the interfaces cannot easily be built with standard elements usually supported by interface builders. Though some UIMS allow static domain objects to be interactively drawn using a picture editor, this approach is not feasible when domain objects and their geometric representations are dynamically computed at runtime. To reduce system development ..