Agroturystyka w rejonie Borów Tucholskich – stan i uwarunkowania

Уменьшение роли сельского хозяйства, особенно в области обеспечения занятости и доходов населения, привело к изменению в направлениях развития сельских районов. Создание более качественных условий жизни в сельской местности не может быть достигнуто только за счет развития сельскохозяйственного производства. Рост предпринимательской инициативы в сельской местности существенно влияет на улучшение благосостояния сельских жителей. Агротуризм может стать потенциальным источником дохода и рабочих мест для сельского населения, а также важным элементом в возрождении сельского хозяйства и рассматривается как наиболее перспективное направление для развития сельских районов, которые сталкиваются с рядом проблем. Стоит отметить, что увеличение активности населения и экономическое развитие сельских районов не создает угроз для окружающей среды и особо охраняемых природных территорий, если выбирать такой способ использования сельскохозяйственных земель, который, с одной стороны, обеспечит им надлежащую защиту, а с другой – позволит удовлетворить основное условие устойчивого развития. The increasing role of agriculture led to changes in areas of rural development. The growth of entre-preneurial initiatives in rural areas significantly affects the improvement of welfare of rural residents. Among the most important factors of this development – in addition to the food industry, trade and services – is considered to be rural tourism. Agritourism is a potential source of income and employment for the rural population, as well as an important element in the revival of agriculture

Modulating endothelial adhesion and migration impacts stem cell therapies efficacy

Background: Limited knowledge of stem cell therapies‘ mechanisms of action hampers their sustainable implementation into the clinic. Specifically, the interactions of transplanted stem cells with the host vasculature and its implications for their therapeutic efficacy are not elucidated. We tested whether adhesion receptors and chemokine receptors on stem cells can be functionally modulated, and consequently if such modulation may substantially affect therapeutically relevant stem cell interactions with the host endothelium. Methods: We investigated the effects of cationic molecule polyethylenimine (PEI) treatment with or without nanoparticles on the functions of adhesion receptors and chemokine receptors of human bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC). Analyses included MSC functions in vitro, as well as homing and therapeutic efficacy in rodent models of central nervous system´s pathologies in vivo. Findings: PEI treatment did not affect viability, immunomodulation or differentiation potential of MSC, but increased the CCR4 expression and functionally blocked their adhesion receptors, thus decreasing their adhesion capacity in vitro. Intravenously applied in a rat model of brain injury, the homing rate of PEI-MSC in the brain was highly increased with decreased numbers of adherent PEI-MSC in the lung vasculature. Moreover, in comparison to untreated MSC, PEI-MSC featured increased tumour directed migration in a mouse glioblastoma model, and superior therapeutic efficacy in a murine model of stroke. Interpretation: Balanced stem cell adhesion and migration in different parts of the vasculature and tissues together with the local microenvironment impacts their therapeutic efficacy. Funding: Robert Bosch Stiftung, IZEPHA grant, EU grant 7 FP Healt

Tumour stromal cells derived from paediatric malignancies display MSC-like properties and impair NK cell cytotoxicity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tumour growth and metastatic infiltration are favoured by several components of the tumour microenvironment. Bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are known to contribute to the tumour stroma. When isolated from healthy bone marrow, MSC exert potent antiproliferative effects on immune effector cells. Due to phenotypic and morphological similarities of MSC and tumour stromal cells (TStrC), we speculated that immunotherapeutic approaches may be hampered if TStrC may still exhibit immunomodulatory properties of MSC.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In order to compare immunomodulatory properties of MSC and tumour stromal cells (TStrC), we established and analyzed TStrC cultures from eleven paediatric tumours and MSC preparations from bone marrow aspirates. Immunophenotyping, proliferation assays and NK cell cytotoxicity assays were employed to address the issue.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>While TStrC differed from MSC in terms of plasticity, they shared surface expression of CD105, CD73 and other markers used for MSC characterization. Furthermore, TStrC displayed a strong antiproliferative effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in coculture experiments similar to MSC. NK cell cytotoxicity was significantly impaired after co-culture with TStrC and expression of the activating NK cell receptors NKp44 and NKp46 was reduced.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data show that TStrC and MSC share important phenotypic and functional characteristics. The inhibitory effect of TStrC on PBMC and especially on NK cells may facilitate the immune evasion of paediatric tumours.</p

Electron-topological, energetic and π-electron delocalization analysis of ketoenamine-enolimine tautomeric equilibrium

The ketoenamine-enolimine tautometic equilibrium has been studied by the analysis of aromaticity and electron-topological parameters. The influence of substituents on the energy of the transition state and of the tautomeric forms has been investigated for different positions of chelate chain. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules method (QTAIM) has been applied to study changes in the electron-topological parameters of the molecule with respect to the tautomeric equilibrium in intramolecular hydrogen bond. Dependencies of the HOMA aromaticity index and electron density at the critical points defining aromaticity and electronic state of the chelate chain on the transition state (TS), OH and HN tautomeric forms have been obtained

Repair, regenerative and supportive therapies of the annulus fibrosus: achievements and challenges

Lumbar discectomy is a very effective therapy for neurological decompression in patients suffering from sciatica due to hernia nuclei pulposus. However, high recurrence rates and persisting post-operative low back pain in these patients require serious attention. In the past decade, tissue engineering strategies have been developed mainly targeted to the regeneration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral disc. Accompanying techniques that deal with the damaged annulus fibrous are now increasingly recognised as mandatory in order to prevent re-herniation to increase the potential of NP repair and to confine NP replacement therapies. In the current review, the requirements, achievements and challenges in this quickly emerging field of research are discussed

Selected aspects of agriculture mechanization in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province in the years 2002-2010

Przedstawiono zróżnicowanie przestrzenne poziomu mechanizacji rolnictwa w województwie kujawsko-pomorskim w latach 2002-2010. Zmiany przeanalizowano w układzie powiatów, wskazując na skalę przekształceń, zróżnicowanie przestrzenne oraz przyczyny które je powodowały. W celu relatywnego określenia poziomu wyposażenia gospodarstw w maszyny rolnicze wzięto pod uwagę także powierzchnię użytków rolnych oraz powierzchnię zasiewów upraw, dla których przewidziano ich zastosowanie. Stwierdzono, że w badanym okresie wzrósł poziom wyposażenia w ciągniki rolnicze na 100 gospodarstw o 40,7%, kombajnów: zbożowych -o 59,5%, ziemniaczanych - o 35,8% i buraczanych - o 28,7%. Jednocześnie zmniejszyła się powierzchnia użytków rolnych na 1 ciągnik do 12,1 ha, zbóż i rzepaku na 1 kombajn zbożowy - 56,2 ha, ziemniaków na 1 kombajn - do 4,0 ha oraz buraków cukrowych na 1 kombajn - do 6,7 ha. Zróżnicowanie poziomu mechanizacji wyraźnie koreluje ze średnią powierzchnią użytków rolnych w gospodarstwach rolnych.The article gives the state, as well as changes in farm equipment of agricultural tractors and combines (grain, beet and potato), that have occurred in kujawsko-pomorskie province in the years 2002-2010, and especially after the Polish accession to the European Union in 2004. The above changes have been analysed in the districts, pointing to their scale, the spatial differentiation and the reasons that caused them. In order to determine the level of the relative equipment holdings in listed above farm machinery, were taken into consideration also of the total agricultural area and sown area of crops for which providedfor their use. It was found that during the period considered increased level of equipment in the agricultural tractors on 100 holdings - 40.7%, combines: ofcereal -59.5%, ofpotato - 35.8% and ofsugar beet 28.7%>. At the same time, decreased agricultural area on a tractor to the 12.1 hectares, sown area of cereals and rape seed on a combine harvester - 56.2 hectares, ofpotatoes on l combine to 4.0 ha and of sugar beet on 1 combine -to 6.7 ha. Variation in level of mechanization clearly correlates with the average area of agricultural land in farms