Case Series: Sacubitril/Valsartan Role for Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: An in-Depth Investigation in Saudi Arabia

Abdullah Alshammari,1 Basmah Ahmed Qasem,1 Nouf Ahmed Almatrafi,1 Lujain Mofareh Alharbi,1 Abeer Abdulhadi Alhuthali Snr,2 Attiah Abdulrahman Khobrani,2 Mohammed Alnuhait1 1Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 2Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mohammed Alnuhait, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Email [email protected]: Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a significant problem, ranking as the second most frequent cause of mortality in cancer patients. This adverse outcome encompasses many cardiovascular problems, such as heart failure. Sacubitril/valsartan has shown potential in the management of heart failure, however, its effectiveness in treating chemotherapy-induced heart failure has not been extensively explored. We performed a case series to investigate the safety and effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan in treating chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy in Saudi Arabia.Methods: The case series was conducted at a single medical center in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The data gathered included patient demographics, clinical features, laboratory results, echocardiographic findings, and medication information. The data underwent analysis using descriptive statistics.Results: Out of the total of eight patients who were part of the investigation, a notable majority of six individuals exhibited substantial enhancements in their ejection fraction (EF) after receiving sacubitril/valsartan medication.Conclusion: Our case series provides significant insights by revealing improvements in ejection fraction (EF) in six out of eight patients who had chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy after receiving sacubitril/valsartan treatment.Keywords: oncology, sacubitril/valsartan, cardiotoxicity, chemotherapy, Saudi Arabi

Direct Medical Expenditures Associated with Eye Complications among Adults with Diabetes in the United States

Objectives. National estimates of healthcare expenditures by types of services for adults with comorbid diabetes and eye complications (ECs) are scarce. Therefore, the first objective of this study is to estimate total healthcare expenditures and expenditures by types of services (inpatient, outpatient, prescription, and emergency) for adults with ECs. The second objective is to estimate the out-of-pocket spending burden among adults with ECs. Study Design. A cross-sectional study design using data from multiple panels (2009-2015) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was employed. The sample included adults aged 21 years or older with diabetes (n=8,420). Principal Findings. Of adults with diabetes, 18.9% had ECs. Adults ECs had significantly higher incremental total medical expenditures of $3,125. The highest incremental expenditures were associated with outpatient and prescription drugs. After controlling for sex, age, race, poverty level, insurance coverage, prescription coverage, perceived physical and mental health, the number of chronic physical and mental conditions, marital status, education, the region of residence, smoking status, exercise, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), there was no difference in the out-of-pocket spending burden between adults with and those without ECs. However, adults with comorbid diabetes and CKD were more likely to have the out-of-pocket spending burden than those without CKD. Conclusions. The study showed that ECs in individuals with diabetes are associated with high incremental direct medical and out-of-pocket expenditures. Therefore, it requires more health initiatives, interventions, strategies, and programs to address and minimize the risk involved in such affected individuals