The Influences of Training on Rowers of Different Age

We measured 14 rowers and divided them into two groups according to age and years of training. Our goal has been to establish the influence of several years of programmed training on the structure of the body, oxygen carrying capacity and oxidation capacity of muscle cells, the chemical composition of blood and characteristics of pulse and lactate curves in rowers. As to the structure of the body, the two groups did not differ if we equalised them according to body height. Differences existed in the determinants of oxygen carrying capacity and oxydation capacity of muscle cells. Older rowers had lower pulse at rest, higher step test index, lower pulse immediately after the step test and in the last minute of the test on a bicycle ergometer and higher maximal oxygen pulse. While at rest, no significant differences between the groups were observed in most of the analysed substances in the blood serum. With the increase of age and training period an increase of the concentration of creatinin and activity of creatin kinase and lessening of the activity of alkaline fosfatase was noted. Length of training period lowers the levels of cholesterol and free fatty acids and increases the level of triglycerides in blood serum. An increase of the acttivity of creatin kinase and lactate dehydrogenase and the formation of a specific pattern of isoenzymes was observed. The pulse and lactate curve flattened and moved to the right

Potentials and market prospects of wind energy in Vojvodina

The paper presents an overview of the wind energy potentials, technologies and market prospects in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, the region of Serbia with the most suitable location for exploitation of wind energy. The main characteristics of the region have been presented regarding wind energy and electric, road, railway and waterway infrastructure. The wind farm interconnection with the public grid is explained. The most suitable locations for the wind farms are presented, with present situation and future prospects of wind market in Vojvodina

Phylogenetically Conditioned Possibilities of the Realization and of the Development of Complex Movements at the Age of 7 Years

Upon entering a school the seven-year olds ( 2 months) underwent a systematic, experimental, specially programmed, eighteen-month-long transformational procedure. The objective of the procedure was to develop the abilities and to observe the growth and the development of children, both girls and boys. The data were processed by means of discriminant analyses in each of the three control points. There was a total sample of 487 children. With regard to the phylogenetic characteristics of a human, it may be said that the basic abilities connected with phylogenetic development may be clearly recognized, precisely in such a way that children replicate this development throughout their earliest childhood. Most probably, the basic ability was the ability to maintain a postural balance, followed by the ability of movement control. Then came object manipulation by upper extremities, followed by the significance of resistance to inertial forces while moving, and ultimately the control of complex movements of the whole body

Liver cystic echinococcosis in humans — a study of 30 cases

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the clinical manifestations and diagnostic approach to liver hydatid disease and suggest its treatment. The prospective study was carried out on 30 patients with liver hydatidosis. Hepatologic examinations were based on: medical history, physical examination, biochemical and serological tests, ultrasonography and computed tomography scanning. Twenty-five (83.3 %) patients underwent radical cyst resection, while in 5 (16.7 %) cases liver resection with left lobectomy was also performed. Hydatid cyst was histopathologically verified in all the patients. Our results showed that the patients with multiple cysts had impaired functional liver tests significantly more often than patients with unilocular cyst. In addition, ultrasonography and computed tomography scans are the valid imaging procedures in diagnosis. Radical, surgical resection of hepatic hydatid cysts is the goal of treatment

The quality of bacterial cultures and conditions of preserving their activity

Rad razmatra upotrebu smrznutih kultura bakterija mliječne kiseline u mljekarskoj industriji. Istraživanje je pokazalo da postotak preživjelih bakterija posle smrzavanja zavi&i od vrste bakterija, Koncentracije u jedinici, zapremine i volumena sredine u kojoj se smrzavaju. Utjecaj navedenih činilaca je mnogo manji pri smrzavanju na -196 °C nego pri višim temperaturama.Data indicate that the quality of lactic acid bacteria is an important factor in the production of yoghourt and other fermenting products. It was proved that the quality of the culture can be preserved when frozen at -196 °C. The concentration of bacteria, the volume of bacterial suspension, individual resistance of the strain and other factors, affect the activity of the cultures after freezing. Therefore all these factors must be considered before freezing. Frozen cultures can be used directly in the production. Their use ensures the standardization of production as well as its planning, which is of great importance for the dairy industry

The quality of bacterial cultures and conditions of preserving their activity

Rad razmatra upotrebu smrznutih kultura bakterija mliječne kiseline u mljekarskoj industriji. Istraživanje je pokazalo da postotak preživjelih bakterija posle smrzavanja zavi&i od vrste bakterija, Koncentracije u jedinici, zapremine i volumena sredine u kojoj se smrzavaju. Utjecaj navedenih činilaca je mnogo manji pri smrzavanju na -196 °C nego pri višim temperaturama.Data indicate that the quality of lactic acid bacteria is an important factor in the production of yoghourt and other fermenting products. It was proved that the quality of the culture can be preserved when frozen at -196 °C. The concentration of bacteria, the volume of bacterial suspension, individual resistance of the strain and other factors, affect the activity of the cultures after freezing. Therefore all these factors must be considered before freezing. Frozen cultures can be used directly in the production. Their use ensures the standardization of production as well as its planning, which is of great importance for the dairy industry

Coupled wake boundary layer model of wind-farms

We present and test the coupled wake boundary layer (CWBL) model that describes the distribution of the power output in a wind-farm. The model couples the traditional, industry-standard wake model approach with a "top-down" model for the overall wind-farm boundary layer structure. This wake model captures the effect of turbine positioning, while the "top-down" portion of the model adds the interactions between the wind-turbine wakes and the atmospheric boundary layer. Each portion of the model requires specification of a parameter that is not known a-priori. For the wake model, the wake expansion coefficient is required, while the "top-down" model requires an effective spanwise turbine spacing within which the model's momentum balance is relevant. The wake expansion coefficient is obtained by matching the predicted mean velocity at the turbine from both approaches, while the effective spanwise turbine spacing depends on turbine positioning and thus can be determined from the wake model. Coupling of the constitutive components of the CWBL model is achieved by iterating these parameters until convergence is reached. We illustrate the performance of the model by applying it to both developing wind-farms including entrance effects and to fully developed (deep-array) conditions. Comparisons of the CWBL model predictions with results from a suite of large eddy simulations (LES) shows that the model closely represents the results obtained in these high-fidelity numerical simulations. A comparison with measured power degradation at the Horns Rev and Nysted wind-farms shows that the model can also be successfully applied to real wind-farms.Comment: 25 pages, 21 figures, submitted to Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy on July 18, 201