Effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Inflorescence Application on Content of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Potential of Grape (Vitis L.) ‘Einset Seedless’ Berries

Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a plant growth regulator widely used in the cultivation of seedless grape varieties to increase their yield. Hormonisation treatment has beneficial effects on yield size and quality, yet its influence on the level of biologically active compounds and grape antioxidant activity has not yet been studied extensively yet. Clusters of 11-year-old ‘Einset Seedless’ grapevines trained according to the singleGuyot pruning style were sprayed with GA3 at 100, 200 or 300 mg/L dose once, twice or three times.  Fruit harvested on 25 September were immediately examined for acidity, extract content, biologically active substances and antioxidant capacity using the DPPH test. In addition, correlations occurring between some parameters measured were calculated. Hormonisation had a negative effect on the content of extract, flavonoids and ascorbic acid, while it had no effect on the anthocyanin level. The antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH assay depended on dose and the number of treatments, and the analysed parameters were shown to decrease significantly with increasing application number. Gibberellic acid at 100 and 300 mg/L application rates had a significantly increased DPPH level compared to the control and 200 mg/L dose. The single GA3 treatment, and when applied three times, and application rates at 100 and 200 mg/L were shown to have a significant influence on phenolic acid content. The level of tannins after a single GA3 treatment and a 300 mg/L dose increased significantly

Ocena wzrostu i rozgałęziania się sześciu podkładek pod wiśnie i czereśnie

The experiment was established at Felin Experimental Farm of Lublin Agricultural University. The aim of this study was to estimate the growth and the branched of the six stocks used in the production of the cherry and the sweet cherry young trees. Results of the study proved that F 12/1 and Colt stocks were the most vigorous, while P-HL 6 and P-HL 84 were characterised by the weakest growth. The best branched was by mahaleb cherry seedlings and P-HL 84 stock. The greatest precentage of cut off the buds of the cherry cv. ‘Łutówka’ proved on the rootstocks: F 12/1, P-HL 84 and P-HL 6.W latach 1997-2000 w Gospodarstwie Doświadczalnym Felin Akademii Rolniczej w Lublinie, przeprowadzono badania mające na celu ocenę wzrostu i rozgałęziania się 6 podkładek wykorzystywanych w produkcji drzewek czereśni i wiśni. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że najsilniej rosły w szkółce podkładki F 12/1 i Colt, natomiast najsłabiej P-HL 6 i P-HL 84. Najlepszym rozgałęzianiem charakteryzowały się siewki antypki oraz podkładka P-HL 84. Największy procent przyjętych oczek wiśni odmiany ‘Łutówka’ stwierdzono na podkładkach wegetatywnych: F 12/1, PHL 84 i P-HL 6

Wpływ podkładek na jakość okulantów i wydajność szkółki wiśni odmiany 'Łutówka'

Studies were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Agricultural University of Lublin in the years 1997–2000 the aim of which was to estimate the quality of young trees and the nursery eficiency of cherry trees on 6 stocks: P-HL 84 (A), P-HL 6 (C), Colt, F 12/1, mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). The highest percentage of the taken buds was found on P-HL 84, P-HL 6 and F 12/1. The budding of the enumerated stocks every year makes it possible to achieve the greatest nursery efficiency. More than 78% of first quality trees were obtained on stocks Colt and mahaleb cherry. The worst quality cherry trees of cv. ‘Łutówka’ were obtained on vegetative clones P-HL 84 and 6 as well as F 12/1.W latach 1997–2000 w Gospodarstwie Doświadczalnym Felin Akademii Rolniczej w Lublinie, przeprowadzono badania majce na celu ocenę jakości okulantów oraz wydajności szkółki wiśni na 6 podkładkach: P-HL 84 (A), P-HL 6 (C), Colt, F12/1, antypka (Prunus mahaleb L.) i czereśnia ptasia (Prunus avium L.). Największy procent przyjętych oczek stwierdzono na P-HL 84, P-HL 6 i F 12/1. Okulizacja wymienionych podkładek w każdym roku pozwalała na uzyskanie największej wydajność szkółki. Na podkładce Colt i antypka otrzymano ponad 78% drzewek pierwszego wyboru. Najgorszej jakości okulanty wiśni odmiany ‘Łutówka’ uzyskano na wegetatywnych klonach P-HL 84 i 6 oraz F 12/1

Wpływ regulatorów wzrostu na jakość drzewek dwuletnich jabłoni odmiany 'Szampion' i 'Jonica'

Studies were conducted at the Felin Experimental Station of the Agricultural University in Lublin in the years 2001–2003 and their aim was to estimate the effect of preparations Arbolin 036SL and Promalin 3,6 SL in the form of lanolin paste on the quality of two-year-old trees ‘Šampion’ and ‘Jonica’ cvs. grafted on rootstock M.26. It was shown that the greatest influence on the number of lateral shoots, sum of shoot length and their mean length was exerted by the cultivar and atmospheric conditions in a given year. It was observed that in the majority of trees more lateral shoots were formed by the trees after the application of growth regulators as compared to the control. A singular use of preparations stimulating the branching in the form of lanolin paste in the years with unfavourable weather conditions (2003) was not sufficient to obtain satisfactory effect. The genetic features of a cultivar and the weather conditions in the period of young shoots’ growth had a significant effect on the growth of the studied trees. Preparations Arbolin and Promalin in the form of lanolin paste had no significant effect on the diameter of the rootstock trunks.W latach 2001–2003 w Gospodarstwie Doświadczalnym Felin Akademii Rolniczej w Lublinie, przeprowadzono badania mające na celu ocenę wpływu preparatów: Arbolin 036SL i Promalin 3,6 SL w postaci pasty lanolinowej na jakość drzewek dwuletnich jabłoni odmiany ‘Szampion’ i ‘Jonica’ okulizowanych na podkładce M.26. Wykazano, że największy wpływ na liczbę pędów bocznych, sum długości i średnią ich długość miała odmiana oraz warunki atmosferyczne w danym roku. Zaobserwowano, że u większości badanych drzewek więcej pędów bocznych wytworzyły drzewka po zastosowaniu regulatorów wzrostu niż w kontroli. Jednorazowe zastosowanie preparatów stymulujących rozgałęzianie w postaci pasty lanolinowej w lata o niekorzystnych warunkach atmosferycznych (rok 2003) było niewystarczające do uzyskania zadawalających efektów. Cechy genetyczne odmiany oraz warunki pogodowe w okresie wyrastania młodych pędów miały istotny wpływ na wzrost badanych drzewek. Preparaty Arbolin i Promalin w postaci pasty lanolinowej nie miały istotnego wpływu na średnicę pni podkładek

Wpływ podkładki i wieku drzew na wzrost i plonowanie jabłoni odmiany Szampion

In 2001–2003 on Sandomierska Upland researches were done in order to estimate the influence of the rootstock and the age on the growth and yielding of the ‘Szampion’ trees. This cultivar was grafted on P60 and M.26 rootstock. It was stated that the ‘Szampion’ had given abundant crops (73–113 t/ha on average) due to magnificent conditions of Sandomierska Upland. The height of the yield depended in a significant way on the rootstock (six-year-old trees on P60 yielded considerably better than on M.26) and the age of trees – the trees on M.26 younger by 2 years provided a significantly better yield. The growth and quality of fruits of the ‘Szampion’ depended on the age of scrutinized trees. The proportion of fruit with the diameter of more than 7.0 cm in all the studied combinations exceeded 80% and it was the highest in the trees on P60.W latach 2001–2003 na Wyżynie Sandomierskiej przeprowadzono badania mające na celu ocenę wpływu podkładki i wieku drzew na wzrost i plonowanie jabłoni odmiany Szampion okulizowanej na podkładce P60 i M.26. Stwierdzono, że w warunkach Wyżyny Sandomierskiej drzewa odmiany Szampion plonowały bardzo obficie (średnio 73–113 t/ha). Wysokość plonu zależała istotnie od podkładki (drzewa „sześcioletnie” na P60 plonowały istotnie lepiej niż na M.26) oraz od wieku drzew – drzewa na M.26 o 2 lata młodsze dawały istotnie niższy plon. Siła wzrostu, produktywność i masa owoców odmiany Szampion zależały od wieku badanych drzew. Udział owoców o średnicy powyżej 7.0 cm we wszystkich badanych kombinacjach przekraczał 80% i był największy u drzew na P60

Biologically active compounds and antioxidant activity of borage (Borago officinalis L.) flowers and leaves

Recently the interest in borage as a vegetable and medicinal plant has increased, yet the knowledge about a content of biologically active compounds in borage grown in Poland remains very scanty. In the experiment carried out in the south-eastern part of the country, fresh borage flowers and leaves contained 0.02% and 0.12% of lipids with the highest level of palmitic acid, i.e. 44.5% and 33.4%, respectively. Flower lipids contained stearic, oleic, elaidic, linoleic, linolelaidic, arachidonic, myristic and lauric acid as well. Besides, leaf lipids were rich in α-linolenic acid (17.7%), less in palmitoleic acid with absence of arachidonic acid. Leaves were found to have 0.16% of essential oil, 1.0% of flavonoids, 9.2 mg vitamin C·100 g f.w.–1, 1.9 mg carotenoids·100 g f.w.–1, 0.77 mg chlorophyll a·1 g f.w.–1 and 0.22 mg chlorophyll b·1 g f.w.–1. Flowers contained more essential oil and vitamin C while less carotenoids, chlorophyll a and b and flavonoids. 45 components were found in the flower essential oil and among them 16 were identified with cumene (62.9%) as a major one. The content of other components was below 3%. As for the leaf essential oil, 18 compounds were detected, and 5 were identified with the highest level of cumene (58.5%) and hexenyl (13.3%). Generally, flowers had more polyphenols and their ferric reducing ability was higher than that of leaves. Besides, a content of remaining unreduced DPPH radical was higher in the flowers. Notably, the time necessary for 50% reduction of the initial concentration of DPPH radical was 2.5 times longer in flowers, whereas their antiradical efficiency 3 fold lower compared to leaves