Joint Associations of Obesity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Coronary Artery Calcium Composition: IS THERE EVIDENCE for FAT-BUT-FIT?

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the individual and joint associations of obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with indices of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in 2090 middle-aged men. Methods: Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2and a waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm. Cardiorespiratory fitness was operationally defined as peak oxygen uptake (V˙o2peak) directly measured using gas analysis. Participants were then divided into unfit and fit categories based on age-specific V˙o2peakpercentiles. Agatston scores >100 and volume and density scores >75th percentile were defined as indices of CAC, signifying advanced subclinical atherosclerosis. Results: Obese men had increased CAC Agatston, volume, and density scores, while higher CRF was associated with lower Agatston and volume scores after adjusting for potential confounders. In the joint analysis, unfit-obese men had higher CAC Agatston and CAC volume. The fit-obesity category was not associated with CAC Agatston (OR = 0.91: 95% CI, 0.66-1.25, for BMI and OR = 1.21: 95% CI, 0.86-1.70, for WC) and CAC volume (OR = 1.14: 95% CI, 0.85-1.53, for BMI and OR = 1.23: 95% CI, 0.90-1.69, for WC), which were similar to estimates for the fit-normal weight category. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that while obesity is positively associated with the prevalence of moderate to severe CAC scores, CRF is inversely associated with the prevalence of moderate to severe CAC scores. Additionally, the combination of being fit and obese was not associated with CAC scores, which could potentially reinforce the fat-but-fit paradigm

SCOPE: SCUBA-2 Continuum Observations of Pre-protostellar Evolution - survey description and compact source catalogue

We present the first release of the data and compact-source catalogue for the JCMT Large Program SCUBA-2 Continuum Observations of Pre-protostellar Evolution (SCOPE). SCOPE consists of 850 μm continuum observations of 1235 Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCCs) made with the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. These data are at an angular resolution of 14.4 arcsec, significantly improving upon the 353 GHz resolution of Planck at 5 arcmin, and allowing for a catalogue of 3528 compact sources in 558 PGCCs. We find that the detected PGCCs have significant sub-structure, with 61 per cent of detected PGCCs having three or more compact sources, with filamentary structure also prevalent within the sample. A detection rate of 45 per cent is found across the survey, which is 95 per cent complete to Planck column densities of N(H2) > 5 × 10^21 cm^−2. By positionally associating the SCOPE compact sources with young stellar objects, the star formation efficiency, as measured by the ratio of luminosity to mass, in nearby clouds is found to be similar to that in the more distant Galactic Plane, with the column density distributions also indistinguishable from each other