Ethnoveterinary Usage of Medicinal plants in Pachamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India

Medicinal plants played an important role in the healthcare of domestic animal around the world for several thousand years.     The traditional medical systems are generally based on the uses of natural and local medicinal plants.  Non accessibility of modern health facilities necessitate that thepractice traditional medicines for their common day ailments of various animals.Relationship animals by the human beings have always been associated with a specific relation with the quality of patient’s daily life and personal hygiene.  For the present study, a total number of 50 plants belonging different family are reported that are used by the local people to treat various animal disease.  The study also suggests that need to adopt appropriate measures that are used in documenting the ethnoveterinary medicinal practices in Pachamalai Hills, Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu

Study on Usage of Medicinal plants for human diseases by the Traditional Healers of Pachamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India

The traditional healers of Pachamalai hills were studied for the use of medicinal plants for treating various human diseases.  For the present study, the medicinal usage of 40 plants have reported.   Migrations of younger generations  and not willing to practice have resultant in declining the medical practice by the healers. There is a danger the knowledge of the usage of medicinal plants also die with them.  This made us in realising the urgent desire both in documenting the plants and taking efficient steps to conserve them both for present and future generation

Boolean Artex Spaces Over Bi-monoids

We define Complimented Artex Space over a Bi-monoid. We define Boolean Artex Space over a Bi-monoid. We give an example of a Boolean Artex space over a bi-monoid. We  prove that the homomorphic image of a Complimented Artex Space over a Bi-monoid is a Complimented Artex Space over the Bi-monoid. We also prove that the homomorphic image of a Boolean Artex Space over a bi-monoid M is a Boolean Artex Space over the bi-monoid M.  We also prove that the Cartesian product of Complimented Artex Spaces over a Bi-monoid  is Complimented Artex Space over the Bi-monoid. Finally we prove the Cartesian product of Boolean Artex Spaces over a bi-monoid M is a Boolean Artex Space over the bi-monoid M. Keywords : Complimented, Distributive Artex Spaces, Homomorphism

SubArtex Spaces Of an Artex Space Over a Bi-monoid

We define SubArtex Space of an Artex space over a  Bi-monoid. We give some examples of SubArtex spaces. We  prove the necessary and sufficient condition for a subset of an Artex space over a bi-monoid to be a SubArtex space. We  prove another equivalent  Proposition for the necessary and sufficient condition for a subset of an Artex space to be a SubArtex space.  We prove a nonempty intersection of two SubArtex spaces of an Artex space over a bi-monoid is  a SubArtex space. Also we prove a nonempty intersection of a family of SubArtex spaces of an Artex space over a bi-monoid is  a SubArtex space.  Finally, we prove, in this chapter, by giving an example, that  the union of two SubArtex spaces need not be a SubArtex spac

Some Special Artex Spaces Over Bi-monoids

We introduce a Special Artex Space over a bi-monoid namely Distributive Artex space over a bi-monoid. We give some examples of Distributive Artex space over bi-monoids. We prove the Cartesian product of any two Distributive Artex Spaces over a bi-monoid is a Distributive Artex Space over the bi-monoid. Also we prove the Cartesian product of a finite number of Distributive Artex Spaces over a bi-monoid is a Distributive Artex Space over the bi-monoid. We prove under the Artex space homomorphism f : A ? B, the homomorphic image of a SubArtex Space of an Artex space A over a bi-monoid is a SubArtex space of B. We prove the homomorphic image of a Distributive Artex Space over a bi-monoid is a Distributive Artex Space over the bi-monoid. We  prove a SubArtex space of a Distributive Artex space over a bi-monoid  is a Distributive Artex space over the bi-mpnoid. We solve three problems on Bounded Artex spaces over bi-monoids. 1.A SubArtex space of a Lower Bounded Artex space  over a bi-monoid need not be a Lower Bounded Artex space over the bi-monoid. 2. A SubArtex space of an Upper Bounded Artex space  over a bi-monoid need not be an Upper Bounded Artex space over the bi-monoid and 3. A SubArtex space of a Bounded Artex space  over a bi-monoid need not be a Bounded Artex space over the bi-monoid. Keywords : Distributive Artex space, Bounded Artex space, Homomorphic imag

Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants for the treatment of skin Diseases in Thottiyam Taluk, Tiruchy District, Tamil Nadu

Medicinal plants played an important role in the healthcare of people around the world for several thousand years.     The traditional medical systems are generally based on the uses of natural and local medicinal plants which are commonly related to the people's perspective.Poverty, ignorance and non-availability of modern health facilities necessitate that to continue the practice traditional medicines for their common day ailments. Skin diseases have always been associated with a specific relation with the quality of patient’s daily life and personal hygiene.   For the present study, a total number of 70 plants belonging different family are reported that are used by the traditional healers to treat skin disease in Thottiyam Taluk, Tiruchirappalli District

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND MARKETING AUTHORIZATION FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS IN EUROPEAN UNION AND ZIMBABWE

The aim of this study is to evaluate the requirements for marketing authorization procedures of new drugs, generic medicines in developed countries such as Europe and to compare these procedures with those in developing countries such as Zimbabwe. Medicines control authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) grants the marketing authorization for medicinal products in Zimbabwe. However, there are still some gaps which need to be filled by the MCAZ to reach other bigger markets in the world. A comparative study of current MCAZ regulatory administration and practices with those of stringent regulators such as European Union will assist in the identification of these loopholes. It also provides the need for improvement with regard to pharmaceutical industries compliance with the relevant standards. This study will give a tremendous reassurance that the MCAZ regulatory affairs acquiescence is being met and gap analysis will systematically challenge the MCAZ regulatory requirements and procedures by comparing them to the European medicines agency regulatory guidelines, which will provide MCAZ with an insight into areas that have room for improvement. The study provides MCAZ with an insight into areas that have room for improvement. Current GMP Supervision of Manufactures and Inspections need to be upgraded; however, currently in Zimbabwe, there is inadequate internal audits, inadequate quality departments to do the validation and self-inspection in pharmaceutical industries. The comparison results obtained showed grey areas needed to be enhanced by MCAZ

Laves Phase in Alloy 718 Fusion Zone

The gas tungsten arc (GTA) welded fusion zone of alloy 718 has been well investigated on the formation of interdendritic Laves phase. This article deals with the various process control methodologies for minimizing the microsegregation and Laves phase such as the enhanced weld cooling rate in GTA welding (GTAW) process and modification in weld metal chemistry. Even though the high energy density welding processes such as electron beam (EB) and laser beam (LB) welding techniques are proven in minimizing the microsegregation and Laves phase, the requirement of conventional GTA welding process still exists in the aerospace industry due to the complex shapes of the components and the inaccessible conditions for executing the welding process. The enhancement in the weld cooling rate and modified weld metal chemistry resulted in the refined fusion zone microstructure and reduced microsegregation. Enhanced weld efficiency on ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and 0.2% YS at 25°C was observed to the tune of 85 to 93% by employing cryogenic cooling in GTA welding process. Similar improvement in weld efficiency at 650°C was observed. However, the evaluated weld efficiencies with cryogenically cooled weld metal were marginally lower than the previous works in EB and LB welds only by 2–3%

Phytochemical constituents of Cadaba Trifoliata Roxb. root extract

Cadaba trifoliata Roxb is belongs to the family Capparaceae, important medicinal plant of Indian medicinal plants. The methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts along with dry powder of root were screened for the presence of phytochemicals. The phytochemical constituents were analyzed by qualitative and GC-MS method. Preliminary studies showed that the presence of Tannins, Steroids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids and Phenolic compounds. In the GC-MS analysis, 17 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the alcoholic extract. The identification of phytochemical compounds in very high peak area, 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (C24H38O4) with RT 24.95 has peak area 51.86% and 1-Methyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (C6H11NO2) with RT 6.89 has peak area 20.58%. The main important compound phytol (C20H40O) with RT 18.95 ranks with peak area 1.21%. A nature compound contains diterpene activity anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant activity and antimicrobial activity.Keywords:- Cadaba trifoliata, phytochemical constituents, alcoholic root extracts

Gradient RP-HPLC method for the determination of potential impurities in dabigatran etexilate in bulk drug and capsule formulations

AbstractA selective RP-HPLC method for separation and determination of potential related impurities (starting materials and by-products of synthesis, and degradants) of dabigatran etexilate (DAB) drug substance has been developed and validated. The separation was accomplished on a Inertsil ODS 3V (250mm×4.6mm, 5μm) column connected to a photodiode array (PDA) detector using 20mM ammonium formate with 0.1% of triethylamine (pH: 5.0 adjusted with formic acid) as mobile phase-A and acetonitrile as mobile phase-B, under gradient elution. Two unknown impurities found in dabigatran etexilate industrial batch stability condition at levels more than 0.1% in HPLC analysis were characterized preliminarily by ESI-MS/MS studies. The major unknown (unknown-1) was enriched and isolated by preparative LC and structure was evidenced by 1H and 13CNMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and FT-IR. Another unknown (unknown-2) found as secondary degradant and structure was proposed by ESI-MS/MS study. This method can be used for the quality control of both drug substance and drug product. The performance of the method was validated according to the ICH guide lines for specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness