Tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulates the expression of inducible costimulator receptor ligand on CD34+ progenitor cells during differentiation into antigen presenting cells

The inducible costimulator receptor (ICOS) is a third member of the CD28 receptor family that regulates T cell activation and function. ICOS binds to a newly identified ligand on antigen presenting cells different from the CD152 ligands CD80 and CD86. We used soluble ICOSIg and a newly developed murine anti-human ICOS ligand (ICOSL) monoclonal antibody to further characterize the ICOSL during ontogeny of antigen presenting cells. In a previous study, we found that ICOSL is expressed on monocytes, dendritic cells, and B cells. To define when ICOSL is first expressed on myeloid antigen presenting cells, we examined ICOSL expression on CD34 cells in bone marrow. We found that CD34bright cells regardless of their myeloid commitment were ICOSL , whereas ICOSL was first expressed when CD34 expression diminished and the myeloid marker CD33 appeared

Proteome dynamics and early salt stress response of the photosynthetic organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

BACKGROUND: The cellular proteome and metabolome are underlying dynamic regulation allowing rapid adaptation to changes in the environment. System-wide analysis of these dynamics will provide novel insights into mechanisms of stress adaptation for higher photosynthetic organisms. We applied pulsed-SILAC labeling to a photosynthetic organism for the first time and we established a method to study proteome dynamics in the green alga chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an emerging model system for plant biology. In addition, we combined the analysis of protein synthesis with metabolic profiling to study the dynamic changes of metabolism and proteome turnover under salt stress conditions. RESULTS: To study de novo protein synthesis an arginine auxotroph Chlamydomonas strain was cultivated in presence of stable isotope-labeled arginine for 24 hours. From the time course experiment in 3 salt concentrations we could identify more than 2500 proteins and their H/L ratio in at least one experimental condition; for 998 proteins at least 3 ratio counts were detected in the 24 h time point (0 mM NaCl). After fractionation we could identify 3115 proteins and for 1765 of them we determined their de novo synthesis rate. Consistently with previous findings we showed that RuBisCO is among the most prominent proteins in the cell; and similar abundance and turnover for the small and large RuBisCO subunit could be calculated. The D1 protein was identified among proteins with a high synthesis rates. A global median half-life of 45 h was calculated for Chlamydomonas proteins under the chosen conditions. CONCLUSION: To investigate the temporal co-regulation of the proteome and metabolome, we applied salt stress to chlamydomonas and studied the time dependent regulation of protein expression and changes in the metabolome. The main metabolic response to salt stress was observed within the amino acid metabolism. In particular, proline was up-regulated manifold and according to that an increased carbon flow within the proline biosynthetic pathway could be measured. In parallel the analysis of abundance and de novo synthesis of the corresponding enzymes revealed that metabolic rearrangements precede adjustments of protein abundance

Desempenho e qualidade da carcaça de suínos criados com acesso a pastagem nas fases de crescimento e terminação.

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Structure and deformation of the Kermadec forearc in response to subduction of the Pacific oceanic plate

The Tonga-Kermadec forearc is deforming in response to on-going subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Indo-Australian Plate. Previous research has focussed on the structural development of the forearc where large bathymetric features such as the Hikurangi Plateau and Louisville Ridge seamount chain are being subducted. Consequently, knowledge of the ‘background’ forearc in regions of normal plate convergence is limited. We report on an ∼250-km-long multichannel seismic reflection profile that was shot perpendicular to the Tonga-Kermadec trench at ∼28°S to determine the lateral and temporal variations in the structure, stratigraphy and deformation of the Kermadec forearc resulting solely from Pacific Plate subduction. Interpretation of the seismic profile, in conjunction with regional swath bathymetry data, shows that the Pacific Plate exhibits horst and graben structures that accommodate bending-induced extensional stresses, generated as the trenchward dip of the crust increases. Trench infill is also much thicker than expected at 1 km which, we propose, results from increased sediment flux into and along the trench. Pervasive normal faulting of the mid-trench slope most likely accommodates the majority of the observed forearc extension in response to basal subduction erosion, and a structural high is located between the mid- and upper-trench slopes. We interpret this high as representing a dense and most likely structurally robust region of crust lying beneath this region. Sediment of the upper-trench slope documents depositional hiatuses and on-going uplift of the arc. Strong along-arc currents appear to erode the Kermadec volcanic arc and distribute this sediment to the surrounding basins, while currents over the forearc redistribute deposits as sediment waves. Minor uplift of the transitional Kermadec forearc, observed just to the north of the profile, appears to relate to an underlying structural trend as well as subduction of the Louisville Ridge seamount chain 250 km to the north. Relative uplift of the Kermadec arc is observed from changes in the tilt of upper-trench slope deposits and extensional faulting of the basement immediately surrounding the Louisville Ridge

Psychrobacter pygoscelis sp. Nov. isolated from the penguin pygoscelis papua

Indexación: Scopus.One slightly beige-white pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, strain I-STPP5bT, was isolated from the trachea of a Gentoo penguin chick individual (Pygoscelin papua) investigated in Fildes Bay, Chilean Antarctic (62° 12′ S, 58° 57′ W). I-STPP5bT consists of a 3.4 Mb chromosome with a DNA G+C content of 44.4 mol%. Of the 3056 predicted genes, 1206 were annotated as hypothetical proteins and 51 were tRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis based on nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to the type strains of Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus (98.8%), Psychrobacter arenosus and Psychrobacter pasteurii (both 98.3%), Psychrobacter piechaudii (98.2%) and Psychrobacter sanguinis (98.1%), but 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other Psychrobacter species were ≤98.0%. Partial gyrB nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarities among strain STPP5bT and the next related type strains were all below 81.8 and 92.9%, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridisation (DDH) with P. phenylpyruvicus LMG 5372T, P. arenosus DSM 15389T and P. sanguinis DSM 23635T also showed low values (all below 30%). The main cellular fatty acids of the strain were C18:1 ω9c and C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phenotypic analyses we propose a new species of the genus Psychrobacter, with the name Psychrobacter pygoscelis sp. nov. and strain I-STPP5bT (=CIP 111410T= CCM 8799T=LMG 30301T) as type strain.https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.00373

Arthrobacter ulcerisalmonis sp. Nov., isolated from an ulcer of a farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar), and emended description of the genus arthrobacter sensu lato

Indexación: Scopus.A Gram-stain positive, pleomorphic, oxidase-negative, non-motile isolate from the ulcer of a farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), designated strain T11bT, was subjected to a comprehensive taxonomic investigation. A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed highest similarities to the type strains of Pseudarthrobacter siccitolerans (98.1%) and Arthro-bacter methylotrophus and Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans (both 98.0 %). The highest ANI value observed between the assembled genome of T11bT and the publicly available Pseudarthrobacter and Arthrobacter type strain genomes were 81.15 and 80.99 %, respectively. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H2). The polyamine pattern contained pre-dominantly spermidine. The polar lipid profile consisted of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol and dimannosylglyceride. Minor amouts of trimannosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol were also detected. The peptidoglycan was of the type A3α l-Lys–l-Ser–l-Thr–l-Ala (A11.23). In the fatty acid profile, anteiso and iso branched fatty acids predominated (anteiso C15: 0, iso C16: 0, anteiso C17: 0). Moderate to low DNA–DNA similarities, physiological traits as well as unique traits in the fatty acid pattern distinguished strain T11bT from the next related species. All these data point to the fact that strain T11bT represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter for which we propose the name Arthrobacter ulcerisalmonis sp. nov. The type strain is T11bT (=CIP 111621T=CCM 8854T=LMG 30632T=DSM 107127T).https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.00400

Heritability of longevity in Large White and Landrace sows using continuous time and grouped data models

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Using conventional measurements of lifetime, it is not possible to differentiate between productive and non-productive days during a sow's lifetime and this can lead to estimated breeding values favoring less productive animals. By rescaling the time axis from continuous to several discrete classes, grouped survival data (discrete survival time) models can be used instead.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The productive life length of 12319 Large White and 9833 Landrace sows was analyzed with continuous scale and grouped data models. Random effect of herd*year, fixed effects of interaction between parity and relative number of piglets, age at first farrowing and annual herd size change were included in the analysis. The genetic component was estimated from sire, sire-maternal grandsire, sire-dam, sire-maternal grandsire and animal models, and the heritabilities computed for each model type in both breeds.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>If age at first farrowing was under 43 weeks or above 60 weeks, the risk of culling sows increased. An interaction between parity and relative litter size was observed, expressed by limited culling during first parity and severe risk increase of culling sows having small litters later in life. In the Landrace breed, heritabilities ranged between 0.05 and 0.08 (s.e. 0.014-0.020) for the continuous and between 0.07 and 0.11 (s.e. 0.016-0.023) for the grouped data models, and in the Large White breed, they ranged between 0.08 and 0.14 (s.e. 0.012-0.026) for the continuous and between 0.08 and 0.13 (s.e. 0.012-0.025) for the grouped data models.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Heritabilities for length of productive life were similar with continuous time and grouped data models in both breeds. Based on these results and because grouped data models better reflect the economical needs in meat animals, we conclude that grouped data models are more appropriate in pig.</p

Metabolomic Response of Calotropis procera Growing in the Desert to Changes in Water Availability

Water availability is a major limitation for agricultural productivity. Plants growing in severe arid climates such as deserts provide tools for studying plant growth and performance under extreme drought conditions. The perennial species Calotropis procera used in this study is a shrub growing in many arid areas which has an exceptional ability to adapt and be productive in severe arid conditions. We describe the results of studying the metabolomic response of wild C procera plants growing in the desert to a one time water supply. Leaves of C. procera plants were taken at three time points before and 1 hour, 6 hours and 12 hours after watering and subjected to a metabolomics and lipidomics analysis. Analysis of the data reveals that within one hour after watering C. procera has already responded on the metabolic level to the sudden water availability as evidenced by major changes such as increased levels of most amino acids, a decrease in sucrose, raffinose and maltitol, a decrease in storage lipids (triacylglycerols) and an increase in membrane lipids including photosynthetic membranes. These changes still prevail at the 6 hour time point after watering however 12 hours after watering the metabolomics data are essentially indistinguishable from the prewatering state thus demonstrating not only a rapid response to water availability but also a rapid response to loss of water. Taken together these data suggest that the ability of C. procera to survive under the very harsh drought conditions prevailing in the desert might be associated with its rapid adjustments to water availability and losses