Some factors influencing predation by Mononchus aquaticus

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A study of the intestinal contents of some mononchs

The intestinal contents of over one thousand specimens of thirty three species belonging to nine genera of the order Mononchida were analysed to determine their range and preference for prey. The study showed that mononchs feed upon tylenchs, dorylaims, mononchs and free-living saprophagous nematodes besides rotifers. Cuticular remains of al1 types including trophi of rotifers and other unidentifiable objects of prey were of frequent occurrence. Forty five percent of the predators had prey in their intestine. Feeding of different mononchs is polyvalent and predation aleatory. However, more predators 75% had free-living saprophagous nematodes within the intestine rather than tylenchs (45%) or dorylaims (42%). Pratylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Tylencholaimus, Aporcelaimus, Thornenema, Iotonchus, Mylonchulus, Rhabditis, Acrobeloides and Chiloplacus were found most frequently in the intestine of different species of mononchs. Parahadronchus shakili appeared to be most active predator as 68 % of its specimens had prey in their intestine while Coomansus indicus was least active with only 21% having prey. Twenty percent predators were cannibals while 27% devoured mononchs belonging to other species/genera. Mylonchulus spp., and Iotonchus baqrii did not contain any prey or its remains in their intestine. None to eight prey could be present in the intestine of a single predator

Bantaeng masa prasejarah ke masa Islam

Buku ini memaparkan perialanan dalam waktu, dan membawa kitake masa yang sangat paniang dari masa prasejarah sekitar a1500 tahun yanglalu, dimulai dari kebudayaan batu diikuti logam (Paleometalik) di Gua BatuEiaya dan Panganreang Tudea. Selaniutnya kebudayaan megalitik yang terusmentradisi menopang budaya penguasa lokal awal di beberapa situssebagaimana dituniukkan bukti arkeologis. Berdasarkan sumberhistoriografi, buku ini luga menampilkan genealogi raia-raia Bantaeng danperannya dalam perdagangan mondial. Agama Islam yang datang kemudian(tahun 1607) turut memperkaya khazanah budaya Bantaeng sebagaimana terlihat pada makam-makam kuno, mesjid, dan istana sejumlah situs. Bukti arkeologis dari masa Islam memberi kita gambaran mengenai fenomena akulturasi dan sinkritisme budaya lokal dan Islam sebagaimana terlihat padasitus makam lslam La Tenri Ruwa. Kemajuan peradaban Islam Bantaeng terlihat pula dari seni kaligrafi pada makam dan mesiid yang juga menunjukkan taraf pemahaman aiaran tauhid sampai abad XIX Masehi.Konsep-konsep umum seiarah kebudayaan dan perbandingan yang cukupluas di setiap bab memperkaya wawasan buku ini

EFFECTS OF LOCAL GAMETOCYTE AND LIVACOX VACCINES ON LIVE BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND LYMPHOID ORGANS IN CHICKENS

Organ to body weight ratio in chickens is considered to be an important parameter to study the immune status due to any infection or vaccination. The present paper reports the effects of local gametocyte and Livacox vaccines on live weight gains and lymphoid organs in chickens. The mean body weight gains in chickens with local gametocytes vaccine were significantly better (P<0.05) than in chickens with Livacox vaccine. Higher organ to body weight ratio was recorded in vaccinated chickens compared to control, although difference was non significant. Organ to body weight ratio of the lymphoid organs had higher values in chickens vaccinated with Livacox compared to local gametocyte vaccinated group, the difference was also found to be non significant. It was concluded that local gametocyte vaccine significantly increased the body weights of chickens compared to Livacox and control groups

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA PEMBIBITAN LADA DI DESA SUKADANA BARU KECAMATAN MARGA TIGA KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR

This research aims to analyze financial feasibility of pepper nursery business and feasibility sensitivity.  The research was conducted in Sukadana Baru Village, Marga Tiga District, Lampung Timur Regency in March to April 2017. Respondents are six pepper nursery farmers. Note that the used research method is the case study where the quantitative analyses are utilized as the data analysis using Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Periode (PP), Gross Benefit Cost Ratio (Gross B/C), and Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C). The results showed that (1) the pepper nursery business in Sukadana Baru Village, Marga Tiga District, Lampung Timur Regency is financially feasible to be expanded, (2) the sensitivity analysis shows that this business is still feasible and profitable toward the decreasing production and selling price of pepper nursery as well as the increasing costs of manure and NPK fertilizer.. Key words : financial, feasibility, pepper nursery, sensitivit

Immunological Evaluation of Two Local Isolates of Eimeria tenella Gametocytes against Coccidiosis in Poultry

Two local isolates of Eimeria tenella gametocytes against coccidiosis were immunologically evaluated in chickens. Cell mediated immune response was detected by modified splenic cell migration inhibition assay (MSCMIA) and data were expressed in terms of per cent migration index. No significant difference in per cent migration index was detected for the chickens immunized either with Vaccine-I (local isolate-I) or with Vaccine-II (local isolate-II); however per cent migration index was comparatively lower in chickens immunized with Vaccine-II as compared to Vaccine-I; indicating a somewhat higher cell mediated immune (CMI) response. Humoral immune response was monitored by ELISA in vaccinated and control chickens. Significantly elevated (P<0.05) antibody titer (IgG) in chickens immunized with Vaccine-II as compared to Vaccine-I was detected. Significantly higher protection (67%) in chickens immunized with Vaccine-II followed by vaccine-I (49%) was recorded. Further, oocyst count was significantly lower (P<0.05) in chickens immunized with Vaccine-II as compared to those immunized with Vaccine-I. It was concluded that vaccinal strain (Vaccine-II) contained additional protein of high molecular weight (49.23 kDa) in its gametocytes provided cross protection and can be used to prepare commercial vaccine against coccidiosis in poultry

Two-phase frictional pressure drop with pure refrigerants in vertical mini/micro-channels

Environmental concerns have urged a search for eco-friendly refrigerants in the refrigeration industry to overcome ozone depletion and global warming problems. Therefore, current research emphasizes frictional pressure drop during flow boiling of environment-friendly refrigerants (GWP\u3c150), isobutane, HFC-152a, HFO-1234yf were tested against commonly reported HFC-134a. The data presented here was collected under heat flux-controlled conditions; the test piece was a round tube (1.60 mm diameter). The data collection was performed at 27 and 32 °C with mass velocities in 50-500 kg/m2s range. Effects of critical controlling parameters, like heat flux, mass velocity, exit vapor quality, operating pressure and medium, were studied in detail. It was observed that pressure drop increases along with mass velocity increment in the test piece and increases with exit vapor quality increment. The same was noticed to decrease with saturation temperature increment. Parametric effects and prediction of assessment methods are reported

Biosynthesis of phyto-functionalized silver nanoparticles using olive fruit extract and evaluation of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties

The green synthesis of nanomaterials is of utmost interest as it offers an eco-friendly approach over chemical synthetic routes. However, the reported biosynthesis methods are often time-consuming and require heating or mechanical stirring. The current study reports a facile one-pot biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mediated by olive fruit extract (OFE) and sunlight irradiation of only 20 s. OFE acts as both a reducing and a capping agent for the formation of OFE-capped AgNPs (AgNPs@OFE). The as-synthesized NPs were systematically characterized by UV-vis spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cyclic voltammetry. SEM images confirmed the successful formation of monodispersed spherical AgNPs@OFE of approximately 77 nm. FTIR spectroscopy suggested the involvement of functional groups of phytochemicals from the OFE in the capping and reduction of Ag+ to Ag. The particles revealed excellent colloidal stability as evidenced from the high zeta potential (ZP) value (−40 mV). Interestingly, using the disk diffusion method, AgNPs@OFE revealed higher inhibition efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella typhi) than Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), with Escherichia coli showing the highest inhibition zone of 27 mm. In addition, AgNPs@OFE exhibited maximum potent antioxidant scavenging potential against H2O2, followed by DPPH, O2−, and OH− free radicals. Overall, OFE can be considered an effective source for the sustainable production of stable AgNPs with potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities for biomedical applications