Formation and characterization of the sulfur-containing distonic radical anion,E.CH2-S-E-CHCN, in the gas phase

The reactions of the atomic oxygen radical anion O−• with CH3SCH2CN in the gas phase have been examined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance in combination with tandem mass spectrometric experiments performed with a double-focusing quadrupole hybrid instrument. Deuterium labeling has revealed that the O−• ion reacts with CH3SCH2CN by proton abstraction from the methylene group as well as by competing 1,1- and 1,3-H2+• abstractions to afford isomeric radical anions. High kinetic energy (8 keV) collision-induced charge reversal experiments indicate that the 1,1-H2+•-abstraction leads to a CH3SC̄CN carbene ion, whereas the 1,3-H2+• abstraction yields a novel sulfur-containing distonic radical anion, which is formulated as CH2SC̄HCN

Screening history of women with cervical cancer: a 6-year study in Aarhus, Denmark

To identify possible weaknesses in cervical screening in Aarhus County, 10 years after the programme was introduced, screening histories were examined. A major problem for the screening programme was that 31% of women were never screened and 61% under-screened, the latter group being significantly dominated by older women and high-stage tumours

The molecular dimension of microbial species: 1. Ecological distinctions among, and homogeneity within, putative ecotypes of <i>Synechococcus</i> inhabiting the cyanobacterial mat of Mushroom Spring, Yellowstone National Park

© 2015 Becraft, Wood, Rusch, Kühl, Jensen, Bryant, Roberts, Cohan and Ward. Based on the Stable Ecotype Model, evolution leads to the divergence of ecologically distinct populations (e.g., with different niches and/or behaviors) of ecologically interchangeable membership. In this study, pyrosequencing was used to provide deep sequence coverage of Synechococcus psaA genes and transcripts over a large number of habitat types in the Mushroom Spring microbial mat. Putative ecological species (putative ecotypes), which were predicted by an evolutionary simulation based on the Stable Ecotype Model (Ecotype Simulation), exhibited distinct distributions relative to temperature-defined positions in the effluent channel and vertical position in the upper 1 mm-thick mat layer. Importantly, in most cases variants predicted to belong to the same putative ecotype formed unique clusters relative to temperature and depth in the mat in canonical correspondence analysis, supporting the hypothesis that while the putative ecotypes are ecologically distinct, the members of each ecotype are ecologically homogeneous. Putative ecotypes responded differently to experimental perturbations of temperature and light, but the genetic variation within each putative ecotype was maintained as the relative abundances of putative ecotypes changed, further indicating that each population responded as a set of ecologically interchangeable individuals. Compared to putative ecotypes that predominate deeper within the mat photic zone, the timing of transcript abundances for selected genes differed for putative ecotypes that predominate in microenvironments closer to upper surface of the mat with spatiotemporal differences in light and O2 concentration. All of these findings are consistent with the hypotheses that Synechococcus species in hot spring mats are sets of ecologically interchangeable individuals that are differently adapted, that these adaptations control their distributions, and that the resulting distributions constrain the activities of the species in space and time