1,252 research outputs found
Strong coupling theory for tunneling and vibrational relaxation in driven bistable systems
A study of the dynamics of a tunneling particle in a driven bistable
potential which is moderately-to-strongly coupled to a bath is presented. Upon
restricting the system dynamics to the Hilbert space spanned by the M lowest
energy eigenstates of the bare static potential, a set of coupled non-Markovian
master equations for the diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix,
within the discrete variale representation, is derived. The resulting dynamics
is in good agreement with predictions of ab-initio real-time path integral
simulations. Numerous results, analytical as well as numerical, for the quantum
relaxation rate and for the asymptotic populations are presented. Our method is
particularly convenient to investigate the case of shallow, time-dependent
potential barriers and moderate-to-strong damping, where both a semi-classical
and a Redfield-type approach are inappropriate.Comment: 37 pages, 23 figure
Relaxation time scales in collective dynamics of liquid alkali metals
In this paper the investigation of the dynamical processes of liquid alkali
metals is executed by analyzing the time scales of relaxation processes in
liquids. The obtained theoretical dynamic structure factor for
the case of liquid lithium is found to be in excellent agreement with the
recently received inelastic X-ray scattering data. The comparison and
interrelation with other theories are given here. Finally, an important part of
this paper is the confirmation of the scale uniformity of the dynamic processes
in liquid alkali metals predicted by some previous molecular dynamic simulation
studies
Use and Abuse of a Fractional Fokker-Planck Dynamics for Time-Dependent Driving
We investigate a subdiffusive, fractional Fokker-Planck dynamics occurring in
time-varying potential landscapes and thereby disclose the failure of the
fractional Fokker-Planck equation (FFPE) in its commonly used form when
generalized in an {\it ad hoc} manner to time-dependent forces. A modified FFPE
(MFFPE) is rigorously derived, being valid for a family of dichotomously
alternating force-fields. This MFFPE is numerically validated for a rectangular
time-dependent force with zero average bias. For this case subdiffusion is
shown to become enhanced as compared to the force free case. We question,
however, the existence of any physically valid FFPE for arbitrary varying
time-dependent fields that differ from this dichotomous varying family.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Thermodynamics and Fluctuation Theorems for a Strongly Coupled Open Quantum System: An Exactly Solvable Case
We illustrate recent results concerning the validity of the work fluctuation
theorem in open quantum systems [M. Campisi, P. Talkner, and P. H\"{a}nggi,
Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 102}, 210401 (2009)], by applying them to a solvable
model of an open quantum system. The central role played by the thermodynamic
partition function of the open quantum system, -- a two level fluctuator with a
strong quantum nondemolition coupling to a harmonic oscillator --, is
elucidated. The corresponding quantum Hamiltonian of mean force is evaluated
explicitly. We study the thermodynamic entropy and the corresponding specific
heat of this open system as a function of temperature and coupling strength and
show that both may assume negative values at nonzero low temperatures.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Entropic transport - A test bed for the Fick-Jacobs approximation
Biased diffusive transport of Brownian particles through irregularly shaped,
narrow confining quasi-one-dimensional structures is investigated. The
complexity of the higher dimensional diffusive dynamics is reduced by means of
the so-called Fick-Jacobs approximation, yielding an effective one-dimensional
stochastic dynamics. Accordingly, the elimination of transverse, equilibrated
degrees of freedom stemming from geometrical confinements and/or bottlenecks
cause entropic potential barriers which the particles have to overcome when
moving forward noisily. The applicability and the validity of the reduced
kinetic description is tested by comparing the approximation with Brownian
dynamics simulations in full configuration space. This non-equilibrium
transport in such quasi-one-dimensional irregular structures implies for
moderate-to-strong bias a characteristic violation of the Sutherland-Einstein
fluctuation-dissipation relation.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures ; Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A (2009), in pres
Universal Approach to Overcoming Nonstationarity, Unsteadiness and Non-Markovity of Stochastic Processes in Complex Systems
In present paper we suggest a new universal approach to study complex systems
by microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic methods. We discuss new
possibilities of extracting information on nonstationarity, unsteadiness and
non-Markovity of discrete stochastic processes in complex systems. We consider
statistical properties of the fast, intermediate and slow components of the
investigated processes in complex systems within the framework of microscopic,
mesoscopic and macroscopic approaches separately. Among them theoretical
analysis is carried out by means of local noisy time-dependent parameters and
the conception of a quasi-Brownian particle (QBP) (mesoscopic approach) as well
as the use of wavelet transformation of the initial row time series. As a
concrete example we examine the seismic time series data for strong and weak
earthquakes in Turkey () in detail, as well as technogenic
explosions. We propose a new way of possible solution to the problem of
forecasting strong earthquakes forecasting. Besides we have found out that an
unexpected restoration of the first two local noisy parameters in weak
earthquakes and technogenic explosions is determined by exponential law. In
this paper we have also carried out the comparison and have discussed the
received time dependence of the local parameters for various seismic phenomena
Entanglement and Disentanglement in Circuit QED Architectures
We propose a protocol for creating entanglement within a dissipative circuit
QED network architecture that consists of two electromagnetic circuits
(cavities) and two superconducting qubits. The system interacts with a quantum
environment, giving rise to decoherence and dissipation. We discuss the
preparation of two separate entangled cavity-qubit states via Landau-Zener
sweeps, after which the cavities interact via a tunable "quantum switch" which
is realized with an ancilla qubit. Moreover, we discuss the decay of the
resulting entangled two-cavity state due to the influence of the environment,
where we focus on the entanglement decay.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Interplay of frequency-synchronization with noise: current resonances, giant diffusion and diffusion-crests
We elucidate how the presence of noise may significantly interact with the
synchronization mechanism of systems exhibiting frequency-locking. The response
of these systems exhibits a rich variety of behaviors, such as resonances and
anti-resonances which can be controlled by the intensity of noise. The
transition between different locked regimes provokes the development of a
multiple enhancement of the effective diffusion. This diffusion behavior is
accompanied by a crest-like peak-splitting cascade when the distribution of the
lockings is self-similar, as it occurs in periodic systems that are able to
exhibit a Devil's staircase sequence of frequency-lockings.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, epl.cls. Accepted for publication in Europhysics
Letter
Relativistic Brownian motion: From a microscopic binary collision model to the Langevin equation
The Langevin equation (LE) for the one-dimensional relativistic Brownian
motion is derived from a microscopic collision model. The model assumes that a
heavy point-like Brownian particle interacts with the lighter heat bath
particles via elastic hard-core collisions. First, the commonly known,
non-relativistic LE is deduced from this model, by taking into account the
non-relativistic conservation laws for momentum and kinetic energy.
Subsequently, this procedure is generalized to the relativistic case. There, it
is found that the relativistic stochastic force is still \gd-correlated
(white noise) but does \emph{no} longer correspond to a Gaussian white noise
process. Explicit results for the friction and momentum-space diffusion
coefficients are presented and discussed.Comment: v2: Eqs. (17c) and (28) corrected; v3: discussion extended, Eqs. (33)
added, thereby connection to earlier work clarified; v4: final version,
accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Coherence stabilization of a two-qubit gate by AC fields
We consider a CNOT gate operation under the influence of quantum bit-flip
noise and demonstrate that ac fields can change bit-flip noise into phase noise
and thereby improve coherence up to several orders of magnitude while the gate
operation time remains unchanged. Within a high-frequency approximation, both
purity and fidelity of the gate operation are studied analytically. The
numerical treatment with a Bloch-Redfield master equation confirms the
analytical results.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
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