Charophytes (Characeae, Charophyta) of the Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park in Poland: response to the protection and state of catchment areas of the water bodies

This paper presents localities of charophytes in the Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park (Wielkopolska, Poland). In this area, 16 species of stoneworts occur, constituting 47% of national species from this group. The following are the most frequent species: Chara intermedia, C. tomentosa, C. virgata and Nitellopsis obtusa. Four critically endangered species in Poland (Nitella tenuissima, N. capillaris, N. gracilis and Chara tenuispina) were also recorded. Our research has demonstrated: (1) considerable diversity of charophytes on a relatively small area situated in the vicinity of a large urban centre of Poznań, (2) major importance of protected areas such as nature reserves, landscape parks, or Natura 2000 areas etc. for the preservation of charophyta lake habitats, and (3) the significance of the forms of land use in the catchment areas, where forest vegetation or less dense presence of trees and shrubs prevents eutrophication of the water bodies and thus contributes to the protection of the stonewort species occurring there

An electric vehicle powertrain with a hybrid battery and ultracapacitor energy storage for urban areas

This paper presents a four-motor drive system designed within the frame of ECO-Mobility Project (ECO-Car subtask). A flexible non-mobile experimental set-up with an ultracapacitor energy storage for 2WD electric car powertrains testing is under development. Proposed topology with an active grid converter will allow to simulate electrochemical battery with any desired characteristics. This in turn will enable various experiment scenarios in terms of battery cells quality, wear level and thermal conditions. Our next target is to design a powertrain (power converters and controllers) for a mobile mockup, incl. an auxiliary energy storage and a converter that interfaces a LiFePO4 battery pack. A control strategy for the hybrid onboard energy storage is presented in detail. Some decisions concerning system functionality are discussed. A mobile mockup is also under construction. The proposed vehicle has been designed as a city car suitable equally for disabled, elderly and fit people