IMPACT AND INFECTION OF SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) IN INDIA: CURRENT STATUS

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is an RNA virus, and the trade impact of the epidemic for India. In humans, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can occur via respiratory secretions. Nosocomial transmission has been described as an important driver in the epidemiology of SARS, MERS and has also been documented in COVID-19. In India, totally were recorded (59662, and 182142), such as active cases (39834, and 89995), cured (17846, and 86983) death rates (1981, and 5164) at 10th and 30th May 2020. The case report provides an insight into the COVID-19 current situation and represents a picture of the current state of the art in terms of public health impacts

Global health concern of cyanotoxins in surface water and its various detection methods

Water is an absolutely required resource for life nourishment especially for the purpose of drinking, domestic and farming. People in various part of the world are under prodigious threat due to unenviable changes in the physical-chemical and biological properties of an ecosystem. Due to anthropogenic causes like industrialization, the use of fertilizers and urbanization leads to highly polluted water bodies that include fresh and brackish water. These changes influence the harmful growth of cyanobacteria that is blue green algae. cyanoHABs (Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms)  became a worldwide threat to drinking and recreational purpose due to its adopting nature according to the temperature fluctuations. In this study, a basic introduction to cyanotoxins as well as the entanglement of public health that includes route of exposure health effects and the pervasive impact of cyanotoxins and alleviation efforts in the waterbodies along with that the toxicosis. Cyanobacterial toxins such as hepatotoxicosis, neurotoxicosis, gastrointestinal disturbances respiratory and allergic reactions were reviewed. Their detection process and the treatment techniques with various physicochemical methods and bioassay methods were also reviewed

Analytical Study of Right Iliac Fossa Masses Clinical Features and Management

INTRODUCTION: Right Iliac Fossa Mass is quite commom in our part of country. The mass has varied origin and requires versatility in its management. This is because the mass may range from benign to most aggressively malignant lesion and touch upon various specialities of surgery, like genitourinary surgery, vascular surgery, gynecological surgery, and colorectal surgery. Hence a detailed study of the variouscauses of Right Iliac Fossa Mass will help in analyzing the different types of presentation and the management. Right Iliac Fossa Mass has 8 anatomical entities, and six other organs in the neighbourhood whose pathology may extend into this region. Right Iliac Fossa region has Appendix, Cecum, Terminal Ileum, Lymphnodes, Iliac artery and vein, Retroperitoneal connective tissues, Iliopsoas muscle, and Iliac bone. Neighbouring organs and their pathologies which might extend into this region are Kidney, Gallbladder, Uterus, Urinary Bladder, Testis, and Pelvic abcess. Hence, this study has been initiated with a view to analyse: 1. Incidence of different types of Right iliac fossa masses. 2. Variable clinical presentstion and investications most helpful for each case. AIMS OF THE STUDY: 1. To evaluate a) The incidence of various causes of Right iliac fossa masses and the commonest causes. b) Various modes of presentations of Right iliac fossa masses. c) Most helpful investigations for aiding in diagnosis of Right iliac fossa masses. 2. To determine the management of right fossa masses whether by emergency surgery or by conservative measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of time from 2004 to 2006 all the patients admitted in the surgical wards were examined and patients who had a lump in the right iliac fossa were grouped for the study. In this study total of fifty patients were taken up for study over the previous two and half years duration. pediatric cases were not included in this study group. Routine thorough history was elicited, and detailed clinical examination was performed. Routine hematological and biochemical investigations were done. Radiological examinations, X-rays chest PA view was taken to all patients, along with X-ray abdomen plain view for correlation and contribution to the diagnosis. Specific investigations were also performed, considering the merits of the individual case. USG – abdomen was performed for all cases. Depending on the requirement of individual case presentation Barium meal series or Barium Enema evaluation was performed. Colonoscopy was not done as this facility was not available at this centre. CT Scan abdomen contrast study also done. CONCLUSION: 1. Appendicular mass is the commonest of all right iliac fossa masses, 46%, followed by ileocecal TB,Ca.cecum, ovarian cyst. The frequency of unusual cases is difficult to assess in a small study like this. 2. In younger age group, inflammatory masses like appendicular mass, iliocecal TB predominate and ovary mass in young females is an important cause of right iliac fossa mass. Ca.cecum and appendicular abscess are more common in the older age group. 3. USG abdomen as a preliminary investigation in the right iliac fossa masses has been found to be useful in deciding further investigations and planning management. 4. Appendicular mass presents with short duration of pain. In about 20% of patients consevative treatment has to be abondened in favour of surgical intervention. 5. Ileocecal TB is more common in males in this small study. Barium enema is the investigation of choice for patients with chronic symtoms. about 45% of cases of ileocecal TB presented acutely and needed emergency laparatomy for diagnosis and treatment. 6. Ca.Cecum fecal occult blood loss and weight loss are almost and always present. 7. A complicated ovarian cyst should be always thought of in young females, with acute abdominal pain and right iliac fossa mass

Perovskite solar cells: progress and advancements

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a new class of optoelectronic semiconductors that revolutionized the photovoltaic research in the recent years. The perovskite solar cells present numerous advantages include unique electronic structure, bandgap tunability, superior charge transport properties, facile processing, and low cost. Perovskite solar cells have demonstrated unprecedented progress in efficiency and its architecture evolved over the period of the last 5–6 years, achieving a high power conversion efficiency of about 22% in 2016, serving as a promising candidate with the potential to replace the existing commercial PV technologies. This review discusses the progress of perovskite solar cells focusing on aspects such as superior electronic properties and unique features of halide perovskite materials compared to that of conventional light absorbing semiconductors. The review also presents a brief overview of device architectures, fabrication methods, and interface engineering of perovskite solar cells. The last part of the review elaborates on the major challenges such as hysteresis and stability issues in perovskite solar cells that serve as a bottleneck for successful commercialization of this promising PV technology

Probiotic administration in congenital heart disease: a pilot study.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis on the fecal microbiota and plasma cytokines in neonates with congenital heart disease.Study designSixteen infants with congenital heart disease were randomly assigned to receive either B. infantis (4.2 × 10(9) colony-forming units two times daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. Stool specimens from enrolled infants and from six term infants without heart disease were analyzed for microbial composition. Plasma cytokines were analyzed weekly in the infants with heart disease.ResultsHealthy control infants had increased total bacteria, total Bacteroidetes and total bifidobacteria compared to the infants with heart disease, but there were no significant differences between the placebo and probiotic groups. Plasma interleukin (IL)10, interferon (IFN)γ and IL1β levels were transiently higher in the probiotic group.ConclusionCongenital heart disease in infants is associated with dysbiosis. Probiotic B. infantis did not significantly alter the fecal microbiota. Alterations in plasma cytokines were found to be inconsistent

A Neural Radiance Field-Based Architecture for Intelligent Multilayered View Synthesis

A mobile ad hoc network is made up of a number of wireless portable nodes that spontaneously come together en route for establish a transitory network with no need for any central management. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is made up of a sizable and reasonably dense community of mobile nodes that travel across any terrain and rely solely on wireless interfaces for communication, not on any well before centralized management. Furthermore, routing be supposed to offer a method for instantly delivering data across a network between any two nodes. Finding the best packet routing from across infrastructure is the major issue, though. The proposed protocol's major goal is to identify the least-expensive nominal capacity acquisition that assures the transportation of realistic transport that ensures its durability in the event of any node failure. This study suggests the Optimized Route Selection via Red Imported Fire Ants (RIFA) Strategy as a way to improve on-demand source routing systems. Predicting Route Failure and energy Utilization is used to pick the path during the routing phase. Proposed work assess the results of the comparisons based on performance parameters like as energy usage, packet delivery rate (PDR), and end-to-end (E2E) delay. The outcome demonstrates that the proposed strategy is preferable and increases network lifetime while lowering node energy consumption and typical E2E delay under the majority of network performance measures and factors

Body fat and risk of cardiovascular diseases among the Tamil school teachers in Kuala Selangor, Selangor

This quantitative survey aims to measure the overall body fat, BMI, abdominal fat and the risk of cardiovascular diseases among 60 Tamil school teachers from Kuala Selangor District, Selangor. The subjects voluntarily participated in this study. The total body fat, Body Mass Index (BMI) and abdominal fat were measured using Omron Karada Scanner, meanwhile PACER test was used to measure cardiovascular endurance. The descriptive analysis showed, 71.67% Tamil school teachers from Kuala Selangor were found to be in the category of excessive body fat and obese. BMI levels, showed that 26.68% were overweight, 48.33% teachers were in level pre-obese till to obese stage III. Abdominal fat levels showed that 70% teachers were at risk. While only 20% of them having good cardiovascular fitness. The inferential analysis showed that there were significant differences in overall body fat and cardiovascular endurance between male and female subjects but BMI and abdominal fat levels showed no significant difference between male and female subjects. The findings indicated that most of the Tamil school teachers in Kuala Selangor District having high risk of cardiovascular diseases. They should do regular physical activity and consume balanced diet to reduce the risk of body fat and obesity which cause the cardiovascular diseases.Keywords: Obesity, abdominal fat, total body fat, cardiovascular endurance & physical activit

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MILLINGTONIA HORTENSIS (L)

Objective: Millingtonia hortensis Linn (Bignoniaceae) is commonly known as cork tree and Akash neem. Aim of studies to determine the antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity.Methods: The antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts were measured by chemical analyses involving the assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and super oxide radical scavenging activity.Results: Phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) screening of methanol, chloroform, ethanol, petroleum ether, aqueous leaf extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, betacyanins, phenols and coumarins.Conclusion: The presence of these phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity support the use of this plant as an antibacterial agent against the group of micro organisms tested.Â

Influence of UV Treatment on the Food Safety Status of a Model Aquaponic System

Few microbial studies in aquaponics, a growing trend in food production, have been conducted to determine food safety status. The aim of this study was to determine the food safety status and the effectiveness of ultraviolet treatment (15 W, luminous flux of 900 lm) as a food safety intervention in reducing the microbial loads of the water system in a model aquaponic unit growing lettuce, basil, and barramundi (Australian Sea Bass). Sweet basil, bibb lettuce, water samples, and fish swabs were collected throughout the 118-day production period, and microbial analysis was conducted in triplicate for the presence of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and the prevalence of aerobic plate counts (APC), coliforms, and fecal coliforms in these systems. Absence of foodborne pathogens was confirmed using ELISA technology and enumeration through petrifilms (coliform/E. coli). A significant increase was observed in aerobic plate counts over the trial period (1 to 3 log10 CFU·mL−1) in the presence and absence of UV (p \u3e 0.05). Ultraviolet treatment did not significantly reduce the APC or coliform counts when compared to the control system samples. Future work should focus on improving the unit design, the evaluation of bio-solid filtration, and other food safety interventions

Optimization of Growth Regulators for Induction of Callus from Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

The objective of this study was to optimize the concentration of different plant growth regulators or hormones for callus induction of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Different types and concentrations of growth regulators were tested in order to obtain the best callus formation. Four growth hormones such as 1-naphthaleneacetic acid NAP), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Kinetin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4–D) were used in this study. It was found that growth regulator type and concentration had a significant effect on the callus induction, the increment of callus index and callus physical appearance. The higher frequency of callus growth (95-100%) were observed on both epicotyls and cotyledon explants cultured on basal medium supplemented with 0.1mg/l NAA + 0.5mg/l Bap and various concentrations such as 0.2+0.1, 0.5+0.1, 1.0+0.2mg/l of NAA + BAP also shows good callus response but at higher concentration of the same hormones shuts the callus growth. The concentration of BAP and 2,4-D also shows good callus response in higher concentration whereas low concentrations of this hormone combination show nil effect. The morphology of callus differs upon the hormonal concentration from green to white and green to brown with various textures. This protocol paves the way for the development of in vitro regeneration for cotton and consequently will promote the application of plant tissue culture