Efficient reconstructed Legendre algorithm for solving linear-quadratic optimal control problems

AbstractIn this paper, a new numerical approach via reconstructed Legendre orthogonal polynomials (LOPs) is presented to solve the linear quadratic optimal control problems (LQPs). By using the elegant operational properties of orthogonal polynomials, a computationally attractive algorithm is developed for calculating LQP. A numerical example illustrates the techniques and demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of these controllers

Numerical Solutions of Monic Chebyshev Polynomials on Large Scale Differentiation

Abstract In this paper, a new formula of the spectral differentiation matrices is presented. Therefore, the numerical solutions for higher-orde

Geographic information system for water resource management, Egypt

In IDL-987

Flexural Behavior of Unbounded Pre-stressed Beams Modified With Carbon Nanotubes under Elevated Temperature

Since fire is one of the common reasons for rehabilitation and reconstructions during the service life of a building, it is necessary to assess the elements structural and technical conditions. The objective of the present paper is to investigate the flexural behavior in bending for unbounded full pre-stressed beams with and without the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under the exposure to elevated temperature in comparison with non-pre-stressed beams. The test Method was divided into two major stages where the principal stage’s goal was considering the flexural behavior of fully and non-prestressed concrete beams containing CNT of 0 and 0.04% as cement replacement at ambient temperature. In the second stage, a typical group of beams was prepared and the flexural behavior was explored under the exposure to temperature of 400ºC, for 120 minutes. The major findings upon monitoring the failure mechanisms, ultimate load capacity, and deflection at critical sections, was that the CNT had shown a significant impact on the behavior and extreme resistance of fully and non-prestressed normal concrete. With CNT beams also exhibited higher imperviousness to high-temperature than that of the normal beams. Finally the significant Improvement was that the ultimate load of the non-pre-stressed beam with the presence of the CNT at the lower 50mm in the tension zone showed a gain of 13%, while the ultimate load of the fully pre-stressed beam with the presence of the CNT at the lower 50mm in the tension zone showed a gain of 21% as compared to the same beam without CNT, respectively. For the non-pre-stressed beams, the load capacity of the beam with CNT after exposure had a similar load capacity as the beam without CNT before exposure to high temperature

Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles as a New Delivery System for Sustained 5-Fluorouracil Release: Characterization and Evaluation of Drug Release Mechanism

Bioactive glass nanoparticles were synthesized and tested for the first time as a new delivery system for sustained 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) release. They were characterized by TEM, DTA, TGA, and FT-IR. The porosity % and specific surface area of glass nanoparticles were 85.59% and 378.36 m2/g, respectively. The in vitro bioactivity evaluation confirmed that bioactive glass disks prepared from these nanoparticles could induce hydroxyapatite layer over their surfaces in simulated body fluid. The in vitro drug release experiment indicated that glass nanoparticles could serve as long-term local delivery vehicles for sustained 5-FU release. The release profile of 5-FU showed an initial fast release stage followed by a second stage of slower release. The initial burst release of 5-FU in the first day was about 23% (28.92 mg·L−1) of the total amount of loaded 5-FU, while the final cumulative percentage of the 5-FU released after 32 days was about 45.6% (57.31 mg·L−1) of the total amount of loaded 5-FU. The application of different mathematical models indicated that 5-FU was released by diffusion controlled mechanism and suggested that its release rate was dependent on glass particles dissolution, changes of surface area as well as diameter of glass particles, and concentration of loaded drug

INTERFERON-ALPHA SIGNALING PATHWAY IN THE SENSORY AUDITORY NEUROEPITHELIAL CELLS

The current study investigated the effect of interferon-á (IFN-á) on the cochlear cell line to shed light on the mechanisms by which interferon alpha may affect hearing. HEI-OC1 cell line and real time-PCR were used to determine the expression of those genes that might be involved in these mechanisms. Dose- (20, 40, & 80 U/ml) and time-dependent experiment-1 did not show significant alteration in gene expression associated with the stimulations of the IFN-á receptors. Therefore, a second experiment was planned. A 3 X 4 factorial design, consisting of three treatment conditions (0, 200 & 2000U/ml) and four time-points (6, 12, 24 & 48 Hrs), was employed. The results of experiment-2 revealed that significant differential expression of inflammatory genes, immune response genes and apoptotic genes is found in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This outcome indicates that IFN-á treatment led to initiation of an inflammatory response, an immune response and apoptosis of the cochlear cells, which was confirmed by a reduction in cell viability. The immune response was the most pronounced response; whereas inflammatory the apoptotic responses were transient. Therefore, the current in-vitro study indicates that the inflammatory response, the immune response and apoptosis might be the underlying mechanisms involved in the hearing impairment previously reported in patients under IFN-á therapy. These results imply that pre-treatment hearing evaluation as well as close monitoring of hearing function in patients undergoing long-term high-dose of IFN-á therapy are necessary to avoid or to minimize its adverse effect on hearing. The results also indicate that there is a need for further investigation of other markers that might be involved in signaling pathways of IFN-á, including markers for intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and antiapoptotic markers as well as markers for necrosis. This information might open an avenue for therapeutic intervention that can protect the inner ear from the ototoxic effect of some medications in general and IFN-á in particular and treat some immune-mediated inner ear disorders. In addition, this information might help in identifying novel diagnostic markers for vulnerability, severity, and outcomes of any cochlear pathology