Dissecting the total cost of ownership of fully electric cars in Italy: The impact of annual distance travelled, home charging and urban driving

The paper quantifies the importance for cost competitiveness of fully electric cars (BEVs) of three determinants of the total cost of ownership (TCO): the annual distance travelled (ADT), the percentage of urban trips, and the availability of a private parking space. The estimates are performed with reference to the Italian car market. We find that charging at home increases the break-even BEV manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) relative to other propulsion systems by \u20ac2866-11,466, depending on the ADT. Driving in urban areas increases the break-even BEV MSRP by \u20ac910-10,314, depending on the ADT and on the referenced propulsion system. Taking into account the share of Italian drivers who own a garage and drive in urban areas, we find the cheapest BEVs are cost competitive without a subsidy with respect to the HEVs for 11.8% of the Italian drivers, but not with respect to the diesel and petrol cars, unless extremely high annual distances are driven. With the purchase subsidy recently introduced by the Italian government, the cheapest BEVs become competitive also with respect to the diesel cars, but not relative to the petrol cars, unless more than 12,500 km are annually driven

Anticipated nursing care as perceived by nursing students: Findings from a qualitative study

Aim: To explore the perceptions of nursing students on the phenomenon of anticipated nursing care. Design: A descriptive-qualitative study was performed in 2019 according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research principles. Methods: Data were collected using 16 face-to-face, audio-recorded interviews across four Italian Bachelor of Nursing degrees. Then, content analysis was performed, identifying, analysing and describing the anticipated nursing care phenomenon as perceived by nursing students. Results: Administering medications, providing fundamentals of care, managing some clinical procedures, freeing up the patient's bed and starting the shifts early emerged as the most anticipated nursing interventions. Stable, older patients who were more functionally dependent were reported to receive some fundamental nursing care before the expected time, while older, stable and more independent patients were used to receiving medications in advance. Anticipated nursing care is triggered by factors at the time management, resource, programming, professional and organizational levels

Patients’ reports on their delusional memories from the intensive care unit: A systematic review of qualitative studies

Objective: To critically summarise the qualitative literature to understand patients’ experiences of delusional memories during their Intensive Care Unit stay. Research methodology: A systematic review of qualitative studies with meta-synthesis and meta-summary. We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Web of Science to July 2022. All studies that provided qualitative insights into the subjective experience of adult patients with delusional memories in the Intensive Care Unit were selected. The Critical Assessment Skills Programme checklist was used for the quality assessment. Results: Fourteen studies were included. The 33 codes that emerged from the inductive thematic analysis were grouped into three themes: ‘The sense of danger and the terrifying aspect of death’ (feeling in danger, surrounded by death, persecuted by people around, and feeling unsafe), ‘The presence of someone or something nearby’ (perceiving the loved ones, feeling overwhelmed by scary creatures, and being neglected by those around me), and ‘The reality behind the world perceived by the senses’ (travelling the world, stimulating the senses, feeling peaceful, and living in a fantasy world). The most frequent code in the studies was ‘Be with a family member’, with an intensity of 35.7%. Conclusion: The patient's experience described as delusional is considered a real event by the person experiencing it. Further research is needed to investigate the extent to which these experiences lead to poorer early and late outcomes for patients, and to test strategies to prevent this. Implications for clinical practice: A deeper understanding of the phenomenon may help healthcare professionals to recognise precursors, symptoms and consequences of delusional memories and intervene with appropriate help. One strategy would be to further humanise care and focus on family involvement and communication with patients to overcome the factual events that can potentially alter patients’ quality of life

What are the nursing competencies related to antimicrobial stewardship and how they have been assessed? Results from an integrative rapid review

Background: Antimicrobial resistance issues, and the consequent demand for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs, need to be investigated urgently and clearly. Considering the large amount of time nurses spend at patients’ bedside, the aim of the present study was to examine recent literature on nursing competency in AMS. Methods: Drawing from Tricco and colleagues’ seven-stage process, a rapid review was performed. MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE databased were searched from December 1st, 2019 until December 31st, 2021. Article screening and study selection were conducted independently by three reviewers. Data were analyzed narratively and categorized adopting an inductive thematic coding. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Publications were mainly authored in USA (n = 4), Australia and New Zealand (n = 4) and Asia (n = 4), followed by Europe (n = 2) and Africa (n = 2). Ten studies were quantitative in design, followed by qualitative (n = 4) and mixed-methods studies (n = 2). Nursing competency in AMS seems to be influenced by a two-dimensional model: on the one hand, internal factors which consisted in knowledge, attitudes and practices and, on the other hand, external aspects which are at environmental level in terms of structures and processes. Conclusion: This study provided a map of dimensions for researchers and practitioners to consider when planning clinical governance, educational activities, and research programs. Significant opportunities exist for nurses to contribute to practice, education, research, and policy efforts aimed at reducing antimicrobial resistance

Fiscal policies and car choices in Italy and Norway: A scenario analysis based on a stated-preference survey

Norwegian and Italian car drivers make very different car choices. This paper investigates the influence of fiscal policies on car buyers’ choices, using data collected from a stated preference survey conducted in 2021. After estimating a joint random parameter logit model, we simulated the market shares of five car powertrains under three scenarios: “Italian car buyers face the same net purchase car prices and fuel\electricity costs as the Norwegian car drivers and vice versa”, “Italy adopts the Norwegian registration tax”, and “Both Italy and Norway adopt a social cost internalizing registration tax”. The results indicate that Italian car users are reluctant to switch to battery electric cars (BEVs). They would choose BEVs more frequently in the three scenarios envisaged but without reaching the corresponding Norwegian levels. If Italy would adopt the Norwegian registration tax system, BEVs’ market share would gain 5.4 percentage points relative to the baseline scenario, while under the social cost internalizing scenario, BEVs’ market share would improve by 3.4 and PHEVs’ one by 0.2 percentage points. On the contrary, Norwegians are BEV-oriented and would comparatively preserve a high BEV share. In the social cost internalization scenario, the BEV share relative to the baseline scenario would decrease by 7.2 percentage points, petrol cars would gain 1.2, HEVs 2.9, PHEVs 3.4, and diesel cars would lose 0.3 percentage points. In general, there seems to be a lock-in or path dependence effect that limits BEV penetration in Italy and prevents the decline of the BEV share in Norway

The experience of individuals placed in quarantine: A systematic review, meta-summary, and meta-synthesis

Objective: To summarize the experience of individuals placed in quarantine during an outbreak. Design: A meta-summary and a meta-synthesis based upon a systematic review of qualitative studies. Sample: The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were all searched up to April 2020. Measurements: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed; then, the methodological quality of the studies included was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Screening Programme tool for qualitative studies. Results: Five studies have been included documenting the experience of 125 adult individuals. A total of 16 codes emerged: in the meta-summary, the most and least frequent codes were \u201cThinking about quarantine\u201d (80%) and \u201cEmotional roller coaster,\u201d \u201cBeing alert for any symptom,\u201d \u201cTrusting or not?,\u201d \u201cKnowing who brought the infection,\u201d and \u201cLiving in a surreal world\u201d (20%). The codes which emerged were categorized into three main themes which summarized the whole experience of being placed in quarantine: (a) \u201cBeing swamped with a thousand emotions\u201d; (b) \u201cBeing restrained\u201d; and (c) \u201cNeeding to be considered.\u201d. Conclusions: The experience of quarantine for people is a long journey which can feel chaotic due to uncertainty about the consequences on health, work, and the future. The findings of this study can help nurses in caring for quarantined individuals by enabling them to understand people's need for educational and emotional support. Ensuring the supply of consistent information is also important to increase people's compliance

The Italian Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit Questionnaire: A Psychometric Evaluation Using the Rasch Model

Quality measurement of the intensive care unit (ICU) should include families’ perspectives, their satisfaction with the care process and outcomes, and the evaluation of actions to improve their psychological health and wellbeing. The current study was designed to validate the Italian version of the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU) using the Rasch model. Results included reliability and separation for items and persons, item fit statistics, unidimensionality, and item characteristic curve. The study was conducted between August 2022 and February 2023. A total of 108 family members (mean age 54.9 years) completed the FS-ICU questionnaire. The instrument had a moderate discrimination ability and only five items (#21, #23, #10, #22, and #24) exhibited a misfit. The Rasch dimension explained 52.1% of the variance in the data, while the unexplained variance in the first contrast is 7.2%, which indicates a possible second dimension. FS-ICU was shown to be beneficial as an assessment instrument for family member satisfaction in the ICU, despite some flaws that need to further be addressed to improve the scale