Self Names in The Mula Tau Text

Mula Tau episode as a part of the text of La Galigo, is a masterpiece of Bugis literature that has begun to be marginalized by millennials in Buloé, South Sulawesi. The uniqueness of the episode lies in the similarity of some of its parts to the dynamics of other ethnic texts in Indonesia. For example, on the role of the agent structure as the driving force of a literary work. It is these agents who with their respective roles have built a system of literary works. As the energy of a literary work, they are marked with their names according to their respective characters and roles. In simple terms, understanding the self-name can also be used as the key to understanding the storyline, it can even show the outlines of the cosmological view and the cosmogony of the Bugis autochthon. This study focuses on library research considering that the object of the study is in the form of documents. However, field research is still needed to translate and obtain a recording of the reading of the manuscript for transliteration purposes. The Mula Tau text is written in lontarak script. It's read as a literal Bugis language, so the self-name data collection begins with a translation; structuring sentence patterns, and identifying linguistic units that precede a name. Furthermore, the semantic theory used is based on referential theory. Research findings include various self-names and their meanings collected in two types of language styles, namely metaphor and metonymy. Likewise, the findings of self-names with article markers, morphemes, and unsigned ones

Cultural Dimension of Black Representation of Ammatoa Community: Study of Cultural Semiotics

One of the community groups in South Sulawesi Province, to be precise in Benteng Hamlet, Tana Toa Village, Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency is known as the Ammatoa community. This community is unique compared to other community groups in Bulukumba Regency, which always appears in black traditional clothes. Of course, this phenomenon raises academic questions as to why the Ammatoa community always appears in traditional black clothes. In fact, apart from always appearing in black, the Ammatoa community also has a white identity color, especially in “pacaka pute” (knee-length pants). However, this paper only focuses on black representations. This paper aims to examine the hidden dimension behind the black representation of the Ammatoa community in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi. To analyze the cultural dimension in question, the semiotic theory of culture is used. Data were collected by means of participatory observation and interviews. The participatory observation method is carried out by directly observing the attitudes and patterns of daily life actions of the Ammatoa community. The interview method was carried out by interviewing the customary leader and several other community members about the cultural system or cultural value that underlies the appearance of the all-black clothing. Both methods are accompanied by audiovisual recording and note-taking techniques. Data were analyzed qualitatively - interpretatively. The results showed that the representation of black in the traditional clothing of the Ammatoa community has a symbolic meaning: (1) human life eventually becomes 'dark'; (2) the attitude of “sabbarak” (patient) , “gattang” (firm), “lambusuk” (honest), and  “pisona” (surrender); (3) “tallasak kamase-mase ri lino” ('living unpretentiously in the world) and “kalumannyang kalupepeang allo ri boko” (rich in the afterlife), “inne lino pammari-mariangji” (this world is just a stopover), “akherak pammantang karakkang” (afterlife is an eternal place) . This concept is embedded in the oral folklore “pasang ri Kajang” 'messages (rules / norms) for the Kajang community'. In addition, there are pairs of signs of opposition (binnery opposotion), namely “pute”' (white) x “lekleng” (black / dark); “ammumba” (rising) x “sakra” (setting); “kamase-mase” (unpretentious) x “kalumannyang” (rich); “singarak” (light) x “sassang” (dark); “lino” ('world) 'x “akherak” (afterlife); “tallasak” (alive) x “mate” (dead)

Formation Rules for Indonesian Nouns Reduplication (Generative Morphology Review)

Morphology is a branch of linguistics that deals with the internal structure of words, and how it formed. This branch of linguistics has a very wide reach so that many aspects can be traced to obtain accurate information. Among these aspects is the aspect of forming Indonesian nouns. Although this aspect has been researched, there is still room for more interesting research. The aspect of formation of Indonesian nouns can still be further investigated by looking at a more specific aspect, namely the rules for forming reduplication nouns using a generative morphology review. This research aims to describe: (1) The process of forming Indonesian reduplicated nouns, (2) The rules for forming Indonesian reduplicated nouns, (3) The morphological and morphophonemic processes that occur in the formation of Indonesian reduplicated nouns, and (4) the original representation and birth representation in the formation of Indonesian reduplication nouns. So, this research attempts to formulate rules for forming reduplication nouns without being designed using statistical procedures. Therefore, this research used qualitative method. The population of this research is the competence of native Indonesian speakers as a whole. The analysis is carried out with a structured work step, which starts with identifying all duplicate Indonesian nouns. The identified reduplication nouns are then classified. The next work step is to formulate a set of rules for forming reduplication nouns. Through the results of the formulation, the original representation is obtained. After the initial representation has gone through a morphological or morphophonemic process as a filter, it arrives at the birth representation. The results of this research show that not all processes of forming reduplication nouns have to go through a filter. Reduplicated nouns that must pass through the filter are only those that are repeated in their entirety. This noun repeated in its entirety expresses the meaning of 'a lot of X'. The reduplication nouns that are not repeated in full must go through a filter to arrive at an acceptable form of reduplication nouns. The filter can be a morphomorphic process or a morphological process. In terms of meaning, apart from showing a plural meaning, there are also reduplication noun constructions that show a single meaning even though they have gone through a reduplication process

The Men and the Sea: Cultural Preservation of Bajau People with their Traditional Practice in Bone Regency

This research is an ethno-culture research related to aspects of cultural preservation. This study aims to map the shifts in cultural practices of the Bajo people as a result of their cultural acculturation. The Bajo ethnic is an ethnic that adheres to its ancestral cultural heritage which has been passed down from generation to generation wherever they are. The distinctive culture of the Bajo ethnic and the uniqueness of their language validate these two aspects as their identity. The Bajo ethnic wherever they are is known as sea man because life and death all occur at sea. Their life cycle consists of being born, growing up, earning a living, getting married, raising their children at the sea, and in the end they will die and are buried at the sea. At first the Bajo ethnic was an ethnic group that was very closed to outsiders, but along with the era of openness the Bajo began to interact with outsiders. The results of this study indicate that the continuity of the original Bajo culture is now starting to shift due to the acculturation of the culture of the Bajo people with other ethnics wherever they are. However, it is certain that the original culture of the Bajo ethnic is still well preserve

The Ability of 1st Class Students of SMAN 11 Enrekang to Arrange Verbal and Nominal Sentences

This research aims to reveal the ability of 1st graders of SMAN 11 Enrekang in compiling verbal and nominal sentences using the simple present tense and the difficulties that occur when compiling verbal and nominal sentences using the simple present tense. The researcher used quantitative method by applying the Surface Strategy Taxonomy in analyzing the data. The results of this research indicating that there are four types of errors. The frequency and percentage based on the surface strategy taxonomy are 63.59% misformation, then 16.18% addition, 13.88% omission, and 6.35% misordering. Furthermore, there are three difficulties experienced by students in compiling verbal and nominal sentences using the simple present tense, 1) Students do not understand the grammatical system; 2) students just write down what comes to mind without following the grammar; and 3) students do not understand vocabulary. The teachers recommend practicing grammar rules, in the simple present tense for mistakes. In addition, other researchers can provide techniques to improve students' mastery of the simple present tens

The Study of Japanese Women in the Facial Treatment Advertisement: A Semiotics Perspective of Pierce’s Theory

This study aims to reveal the beauty standards of Japanese women in the Facial Treatment Essence SK II advertisement and to describe the slogan “Rasakan kekuatan PITERA untuk kulit tampak sebening kristal” in the Facial Treatment Essence SK II advertisement so that it can influence consumers. Meanwhile, the beauty of cosmetic users is always physically visible, even the model to introduce this product is Imma, a virtual model girl created by CGI (Computer-generated Imagery). Some of the advantages in this product are visualized by Imma, namely bright and glowing white skin. Imma has become an icon for this product because the advantages that it offers are all seen in Imma, and the standard of beauty described by Japan and the way to be beautiful like this virtual model girl is to apply the Facial Treatment Essence SK II product. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to analyze data which maps which include icons, indexes and symbols. The result of this research indicates that the Japanese beauty standards shown by this ad are like Imma and to have skin like her, the right skincare is Facial Treatment Essence SK II and according to its slogan, "Feel the power of PITERA for crystal clear skin"

New records of rare species in the Mediterranean Sea (October 2021)

This Collective Article presents information about 27 taxa belonging to five Phyla (one Ochrophyta, one Cnidaria, three Arthropoda, two Mollusca and twenty Chordata) and extending from the Western Mediterranean Sea to the Levantine Sea and theBlack Sea (Sea of Marmara). The new records were reported from 11 countries as follows: Algeria: occurrence of the Africanstriped grunt Parapristipoma octolineatum; Spain: new records of eight uncommon fish species (Gadella maraldi, Hypleurochilusbananensis, Lobotes surinamensis, Parapristipoma octolineatum, Selene dorsalis, Sphoeroides marmoratus, Tetragonuruscuvieri, and Trachyrincus scabrus) from the Spanish Mediterranean; Italy: new record of the football octopus Ocythoe tuberculatafrom the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea; a rare sighting of a juvenile phase of a moray eel of the genus Gymnothorax, tentativelyidentified as Gymnothorax cf. unicolor in the Ligurian Sea; first record of adult Facciola’s sorcerer Facciolella oxyrhynchus inthe Adriatic Sea; occurrence of the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus in the Northern Adriatic Sea; Libya: first confirmed recordof the pen shell Pinna rudis; first documented record of the palaemonid shrimp Brachycarpus biunguiculatus; first record of thefish Sudis hyalina; Malta: new records of Grant’s rockling, Gaidropsarus granti; multiple concomitant reports of the rare hydromedusanspecies Aequorea forskalea; Croatia: a record of the skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis in the Southern Adriatic Sea;Albania: new record of the bigeye thresher shark Alopias superciliosus; Greece: confirmation of the rare brown alga Sargassumflavifolium occurrence in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea; first record of the scaleless dragonfish Bathophilus nigerrimus; Turkey:first occurrence of the calanoid copepod Pteriacartia josephinae in the Aegean Sea; first documented record of the Cremona’s seaslug Placida cremoniana for the easternmost Mediterranean Sea; new record of the yellow-headed goby Gobius xanthocephalusin the Sea of Marmara; Cyprus: first record of the Liechtenstein’s goby Corcyrogobius liechtensteini; an individual of the Yellowfintuna Thunnus albacares captured with handline by an artisanal fisher; Lebanon: an individual of the Black marlin Istiompaxindica captured in a gill ne