Anévrismes de l’aorte abdominale sous-rénale rompus: aspects chirurgicaux à Dakar: à propos de 6 observations

La rupture des anévrismes de l'aorte est une situation catastrophique. La chirurgie ouverte et le traitement endovasculaire sont débattus comme option. Dans cette étude sont évaluées les modalités du traitement chirurgical et ses résultats sur 6 malades opérés pour rupture d'un anévrysme de l'aorte abdominale sous-rénale. Dans 4 cas, il s'agissait d'une « rupture contenue » dans le péritoine pariétal postérieur, avec un hématome péri vertébral. Dans les 2 autres cas, il s'agissait d'une rupture en péritoine libre. Tous les malades avaient bénéficié après contrôle de l'hémostase d'une mise à plat de l'anévrisme suivie de greffe d'une prothèse aortique. Des complications précoces étaient notées chez 2 patients à type d'insuffisance rénale aigue et de poussée hypertensive. La mortalité opératoire était de 16,66%. La morbi-motalité des anévrismes rompus de l'aorte abdominale est particulièrement élevée, d'où la nécessité d'un dépistage précoce des patients à risque et l'introduction de la chirurgie endovasculaire

Mise en &#233vidence d'un optimum de fines dans les sables &#244 b&#233ton: Exemple d'un sable des dunes de la r&#233gion de Dakar ( S&#233n&#233gal)

No Abstract

Facteurs prédictifs de l’arrêt des premières lignes de traitement antirétroviral hautement efficace (HAART) : approches comparatives du modèle à risque compétitif et du modèle de Cox dans la cohorte NADIS®, Toulouse, France

International audienc

Determinants of breeders’ participation to an indigenous cattle breeding program

Many cattle breeding programs were initiated in Africa to increase the productivity of indigenous cattle breeds. Most of these programs have failed, partly due to the lack of involvement of breeders. The present case study contributes to the understanding of such failures. The N’Dama cattle breeding program in Senegal was taken as a case study for an in-depth analysis of participation using mixed methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 52 breeders: 26 who participated, 15 of whom recently resigned, and 27 who had never participated. Content and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the motivations of breeders and the factors influencing their participation in the breeding program. Results more particularly highlight the complexity of social issues within a breeding project, in face of classical determinants of adoption that are distance or production systems features. It pinpoints crucial levers of improvement, i.e., the management of animal property rights between the nucleus management and the participating breeders, the legitimacy of participants’ representatives in cooperatives, and the strategic mobilization of member social networks. Also, adding on previous works of the authors, this study highlights the need to take better account of the dynamics of production systems, then paying sufficient attention to the objectives, preferences, and ongoing strategies of the breeders for the future. The present study is the first to highlight the added value of mixed methods to analyze innovation adoption and participation in a livestock breeding program, taking both into account the overall innovation drivers and dynamics tied to actors’ strategies. © 2019, INRA and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature

Physicochemical factors affecting the diversity and abundance of Afrotropical Culicoides species in larval habitats in Senegal

International audienceBiting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are the biological vectors of arboviruses of global importance in animal health. We characterized the physicochemical parameters that determine the density and composition of the main Culicoides species of veterinary interest in larval habitats of the Niayes region of Senegal. For this purpose, we combined larval and substrate sampling in the field in different habitat types with adult emergence and physicochemical analyses in the laboratory. Three major habitat types were identified, conditioning the predominant species of Culicoides and pH and the amount of organic matter were positively correlated with the abundance of larvae and emerging Culicoides, as opposed to salinity. The diversity of emerging Culicoides was positively correlated with pH while it was negatively correlated with salinity. Culicoides distinctipennis was the predominant species in the larval habitat group of freshwater lake edges. In the larval habitat group of pond and puddle edges, C. oxystoma and C. nivosus were predominant; both species were again most abundant in the larval habitat group of saltwater lake edges. These variabilities in physicochemical parameters support the distribution of different Culicoides species in different habitat groups. These results make it possible to implement effective, selective and environmental-friendly control measures but also to improve current models for estimating the abundance of adult vector populations at a local scale