Experimental investigations of Jominy End Quench test using CuO nanofluids

Nanofluids are the new class of quenching medium with colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, which improves the heat transfer characteristics. The present work has been focused on the quenching effect of mild steel and EN-8 steel with nanoparticles dispersed quenching medium. The different volume concentrations of nanofluids have been prepared by adding CuO nanoparticles with the average diameter of less than 50 nm in distilled water. Three volume concentrations (0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%) of nanofluids have been prepared. EN8 and mild steel rod have machined as per Jominy end quench standard. The materials are heated up to 900â°C and the heated specimens are Jominy end quenched by using nanofluid. Heat transfer during the cooling has been recorded by interfacing the LabVIEW software, NI-DAQ kit and thermocouple. Then the hardness values are measured at different points on the work piece to examine the change in hardness of the quenched specimens. The result shows that, 0.05% volume concentration nanofluid exhibits a higher heat transfer rate; consequently the high hardness value has been achieved as compared with other specimens. The same effect has been observed with cooling curve, which was recorded by LabVIEW during the quenching process

Comparison study of existing bowl piston and modified bowl piston diesel engine performance emission and combustion characteristics by using diesel

In this investigation, the Modified bowl piston (MBP)diesel engine performanceemission and combustion characteristics have been studied by using diesel (100%D)and compared with theExisting bowl piston (EBP). From the results, it is evident that the MBP has given higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at an engine load 80%, 100% and higher exhaust gas temperature (EGT) has been given in engine all loads, when compared with EBP. In emission point of view,the MBP has given lower hydrocarbon (HC),carbon monoxide (CO), smoke at all loads when compared with EBP, However nitrogen oxide (NOX), carbon dioxide (CO2)have increased for MBP. In the combustion point of view MBP has given higher cylinder pressure (CP) and higher cumulative heat release rate (CHRR) at full load condition when compared with EBP.  From the experimental results, it has been concluded that the MBP is anapt one in performance, emission and combustion perspective when compared with EBP by using 100%D

EXPERIMENTAL AND MATHEMATICAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF OXYGEN ENRICHED AIR IN INTAKE OF A SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE

This  research revealed  that the  single cylinder diesel  engine performance and  emission   characteristics are improved by the oxygen content enriched  intake air and was varied between 21% to 27 % (ie., 21,23,25,27%  by the volume). The effects of enriched oxygen with different loads are analyzed in terms of brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and also the environmental pollutant like NOx, CO, HC and Smoke. The   mathematical experiment were designed using a statistical tool know as design expert based on response surface modeling. Using RSM to predict the response parameter like brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxides and smoke. Optimization of the input and response parameters is also done using desirability approach. Finally a software tool is developed using LabVIEW software for predicting engine parameters when the engine input parameters are given

Power Consumption and Carbon Emission Equivalent for Virtualized Resources – An Analysis: Virtual Machine and Container Analysis for Greener Data Center

The International Energy Agency (IEA) revealed that the worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) situation has hit a historic high of 33.1 Giga tonnes (Gt) of CO2. 85% of the rise in emissions was due to China, India, and the United States. The increase in emissions in India was 4.8%, or 105 Mega tonnes (Mt) of CO2, with the increase in emissions being evenly distributed across the transportation and industrial sectors, according to Beloglazov et al (2011). Environmental contamination brought on by carbon emissions is harmful to the environment. As a result, there is an urgent need for the IT sectors to develop effective and efficient technology to eliminate such carbon emissions. The primary focus is on lowering carbon emissions due to widespread awareness of the issue

Methane emission management in a dual-fuel engine exhaust using Pd and Ni hydroxyapatite catalysts

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd While dual-fuel engines reduce transportation costs and CO 2 emissions by using alternative energy sources e.g. natural gas, the exhaust streams often contain quantities of emissions that exceed limits and therefore require removal. Pd- and Ni-hydroxyapatite (HAP) catalysts were prepared using a soft-templating method and tested in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) in a fixed bed reactor that simulates an exhaust from a diesel-natural gas dual-fuel engine. XRD revealed the characteristic HAP crystal structure of all the prepared materials. The HAP phase was further confirmed by TEM, which also showed the presence of submicron sized particles. The BET surface areas of HAP prepared using a single surfactant was 27.7 m 2  g −1 and increased to 84.9 m 2  g −1 when mixed surfactants were used. Active metals were added to HAP using either incipient wetness impregnation, ion-exchange or solid dispersion. All the catalysts tested were active in DRM with the optimal samples converting over 85% of methane at 650 °C

Effect of B4C and graphene on the microstructural and mechanical properties of Al6061 matrix composites

Materials that are lightweight with superior strength and improved structural properties have consistently been highly sought after in the aircraft and automobile industries for their superior performance. This study investigates the effect of graphene and boron carbide (B4C) additions on the microstructural & mechanical properties of Al6061 MMCs in fabricated and T6 heat-treated conditions. The powder metallurgy technique is used to fabricate the Al6061 hybrid composites reinforced with different volume fractions. i.e 0.5,1 wt% of graphene and 3,6 wt% of B4C. XRD, Optical microscope, FE-SEM with EDAX mapping, Hardness, and Compression tests were employed to evaluate and characterize the Al6061/Gr/B4C hybrid composites. After the T6 ageing treatment, both hardness and compressive strength were increased to 61.08% and 68.51% compared to base Al6061 matrix alloy. The sample Al6061/0.5% Gr/6%B4C-T6 exhibits the highest hardness value of 91HV and sample Al6061/1%Gr/6%B4C-T6 gives the value of higher compressive strength of 298 MPa. The higher tensile strength was observed in the sample Al6061/0.5%Gr/6%B4C-T6 which is 209.53 MPa with 8.907% elongation. The T6 heat treatment has a significant role in the strength improvement. Whereas increment in graphene has no impact on the tensile strength. The tensile strength of Al6061/0.5%Gr/6%B4C-T6 was improved by 43.56% compared to the base Al6061 alloy