CHARACTERISATION OF PYROLYSIS OIL DERIVED FROM TEAK TREE SAW DUST AND RICE HUSK

The teak tree saw dust (TTSD) and rice husk (RH) were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor at the temperature of 450°C. The feedstock particle sizes for both the biomasses were in the range of 0.5-1.0 mm. About 33.3 and 35 wt% liquid yields were found from TTSD and RH respectively. The calorific values were recorded as 23.41 and 20.01 MJ/kg for TTSD and RH bio-oils respectively, which are slightly higher than their respective biomasses. The kinematic viscosities of the bio-oils were found to be in the range of 6.8-8.1 cSt, which are quite lower than many other bio-oils. The pH value of TTSD bio-oil (i.e., 3.4) was slightly higher than the RH bio-oil (i.e., 2.8). The bio-oils indicated acidic nature with low pH value, e.g., 2.8-3.4. The bio-oils contained mostly the carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups to represent phenols and alcohols. Both TTSD and RH have the potential to produce pyrolysis oil; however, it requires certain upgradations to make it useful for engines

Airgap Length Analysis of a 350kW PM-Assisted Syn-Rel Machine for Heavy Duty EV Traction

Synchronous reluctance (Syn-Rel) machines with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) are research hotspots in variable speed motor drives due to their robust rotor structure and wide constant power speed range (CPSR). In this paper, the potential of PM-assisted Syn-Rel machine to be next generation heavy duty traction motor solution has been investigated, with special attention put on one key geometric parameter, i.e., airgap length. Careful machine design and optimization has been conducted based on geometric parametrization including airgap length variation, for 15000rpm peak speed and 350kW peak power output. In low speed operations, the influence of airgap length on different torque components has been analyzed in detail based on the frozen permeability method. In field weakening region, the variation trend of several key parameters such as output power, torque ripple, and power losses have been investigated along with airgap length. It is found that with high electric and magnetic loading, reducing the electromagnetic airgap length is not always beneficial. There exists a suitable airgap length value to comprehensively balance torque/power density, cooling capability, efficiency and reliability. Numerical FEA and experimental tests of the prototype are combined to verify the conclusions

Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Evaluation of Phytochemical and in-vivo Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Solanum spirale Roxb. Leaves

Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical and in-vivo antihyperlipidemic activity of Solanum spirale Roxb. leaves. The physiochemical standardization of the dried leaves powder was done with respect to ash values, foaming index, extractive values and moisture content. The dried leaves were extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and water. The phytochemical analyses were carried out and the antihyperlipidemic activity of the chloroform and aqueous extracts were evaluated. The antihyperlipidemic study was carried out by inducing hyperlipidemia in rats by means of triton. The serum collected was analyzed for total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein. The result of the present study revealed that both the aqueous and chloroform extracts of leaves of Solanum spirale Roxb. possess antihyperlipidemic activity

IN-VITRO ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CITRULLUS LANATUS SEED

Objective: The objective of present work is to study the In-vitro anti-oxidant activities of n-Hexane, Chloroform and Ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds to find out the extract having highest anti-oxidant activity.  Material and Methods: The In-vitro anti-oxidant activity of the extracts were studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Ferric reducing power activity, Hyderogen peroxide(H2O2) scavenging activity and Nitric Oxide(NO) scavenging activity. The total Phenolic contents and Flavanoid contents were estimated taking Gallic Acid and Quercetin calibration curve respectably. Results: In In-vitro anti-oxidant studies it was found that all the extracts posses In-vitro anti-oxidant activities. But the order of possessing activities were n-hexane>ethanol>chloroform extracts of Citrullus lanatus seeds. The total Phenolic content was highest in n-hexane extract and Total Flavanoid content was highest in ethanol extract.  Conclusion: It can be concluded that Citrullus lanatusseed extracts possess anti-oxidant activities and the potency of anti-oxidant activities depends on the type of extract. The n-hexane extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds possess highest anti-oxidant activity in-vitro. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus, In-vitro anti-oxidant, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Total Phenolic Content,Â