41,422 research outputs found
Scaling and interaction-assisted transport in graphene with one-dimensional defects
We analyze the scattering from one-dimensional defects in intrinsic graphene.
The Coulomb repulsion between electrons is found to be able to induce
singularities of such scattering at zero temperature as in one-dimensional
conductors. In striking contrast to electrons in one space dimension, however,
repulsive interactions here can enhance transport. We present explicit
calculations for the scattering from vector potentials that appear when strips
of the material are under strain. There the predicted effects are exponentially
large for strong scatterers.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Coexistence Curve Singularities at Critical End Points
We report an extensive Monte Carlo study of critical end point behaviour in a
symmetrical binary fluid mixture. On the basis of general scaling arguments,
singular behaviour is predicted in the diameter of the liquid-gas coexistence
curve as the critical end point is approached. The simulation results show
clear evidence for this singularity, as well as confirming a previously
predicted singularity in the coexistence chemical potential. Both singularities
should be detectable experimentally.Comment: 9 pages Revtex, 3 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Central Star Formation in Pseudobulges and Classical Bulges
I use Spitzer 3.6-8.0 \mu m color profiles to compare the radial structure of
star formation in pseudobulges and classical bulges. Pseudobulges are
``bulges'' which form through secular evolution, rather than mergers. In this
study, pseudobulges are identified using the presence of disk-like structure in
the center of the galaxy (nuclear spiral, nuclear bar, and/or high ellipticity
in bulge); classical bulges are those galaxy bulges with smooth isophotes which
are round compared to the outer disk, and show no disky structure in their
bulge. I show that galaxies structurally identified as having pseudobulges have
higher central star formation rates than those of classical bulges. Further, I
also show that galaxies identified as having classical bulges have remarkably
regular star formation profiles. The color profiles of galaxies with classical
bulges show a star forming outer disk with a sharp change, consistent with a
decline in star formation rates, toward the center of the galaxy. Classical
bulges have a nearly constant inner profile (r < 1.5 kpc) that is similar to
elliptical galaxies. Pseudobulges in general show no such transition in star
formation properties from the outer disk to the central pseudobulge. Thus I
conclude that pseudobulges and classical bulges do in fact form their stars via
different mechanisms. Further, this adds to the evidence that classical bulges
form most of their stars in fast episodic bursts, in a similar fashion to
elliptical galaxies; whereas, pseudobulges form stars from longer lasting
secular processes.Comment: accepted to ApJ Letter
Maximum-Likelihood Comparisons of Tully-Fisher and Redshift Data: Constraints on Omega and Biasing
We compare Tully-Fisher (TF) data for 838 galaxies within cz=3000 km/sec from
the Mark III catalog to the peculiar velocity and density fields predicted from
the 1.2 Jy IRAS redshift survey. Our goal is to test the relation between the
galaxy density and velocity fields predicted by gravitational instability
theory and linear biasing, and thereby to estimate where is the linear bias parameter for IRAS galaxies.
Adopting the IRAS velocity and density fields as a prior model, we maximize the
likelihood of the raw TF observables, taking into account the full range of
selection effects and properly treating triple-valued zones in the
redshift-distance relation. Extensive tests with realistic simulated galaxy
catalogs demonstrate that the method produces unbiased estimates of
and its error. When we apply the method to the real data, we model the presence
of a small but significant velocity quadrupole residual (~3.3% of Hubble flow),
which we argue is due to density fluctuations incompletely sampled by IRAS. The
method then yields a maximum likelihood estimate
(1-sigma error). We discuss the constraints on and biasing that follow
if we assume a COBE-normalized CDM power spectrum. Our model also yields the
1-D noise noise in the velocity field, including IRAS prediction errors, which
we find to be be 125 +/- 20 km/sec.Comment: 53 pages, 20 encapsulated figures, two tables. Submitted to the
Astrophysical Journal. Also available at http://astro.stanford.edu/jeff
Pulsed versus DC I-V characteristics of resistive manganites
We report on pulsed and DC I-V characteristics of polycrystalline samples of
three charge-ordered manganites, Pr_{2/3}Ca_{1/3}MnO_3, Pr_{1/2}Ca_{1/2}MnO_3,
Bi_{1/2}Sr_{1/2}MnO_3 and of a double-perovskite Sr_2MnReO_6, in a temperature
range where their ohmic resistivity obeys the Efros-Shklovskii variable range
hopping relation. For all samples, the DC I(V) exhibits at high currents
negative differential resistance and hysteresis, which mask a perfectly ohmic
or a moderately nonohmic conductivity obtained by pulsed measurements. This
demonstrates that the widely used DC I-V measurements are usually misleading.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication to AP
Inter-grain tunneling in the half-metallic double-perovskites SrBB'O (BB'-- FeMo, FeRe, CrMo, CrW, CrRe
The zero-field conductivities () of the polycrystaline title
materials, are governed by inter-grain transport. In the majority of cases
their (T) can be described by the "fluctuation induced tunneling"
model. Analysis of the results in terms of this model reveals two remarkable
features: 1. For \emph{all} SrFeMoO samples of various microstructures,
the tunneling constant (barrier width inverse decay-length of the
wave-function) is 2, indicating the existence of an intrinsic insulating
boundary layer with a well defined electronic (and magnetic) structure. 2. The
tunneling constant for \emph{all} cold-pressed samples decreases linearly with
increasing magnetic-moment/formula-unit.Comment: 10 pages, 2 tables, 3 figure
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