Development of shrouded turbojet to form a turboramjet for future missile applications

Development of shroud to form part of an afterburner for a turbo- ramjet engine which has a possible application for high speed long range missile applications. Research has been conducted on scram-jet engines with little or no emphasis on a turbojet/ramjet combined cycle engines. With the possibility of the turbojet providing the thrust at subsonic conditions and the ramjet providing the thrust at supersonic conditions. A small turbojet engine, the Sophia J450 was evaluated experimentally and the results were compared to the prediction using an industry standard program with a perfect comparison over a wide operating range. In order to study possible turbo-ramjet configurations, a Sophia J450 turbojet engine was used with varying shroud configurations, to compare static thrust and specific fuel consumption measured in a test rig. Shroud pressures were also recorded to determine the entrainment rate of the ducts. The short shroud results were found to produce the best performance of the three configurations tested, which were more significant at lower engine spool speed that produced a sharp increase in secondary entrainment pressure. A conical supersonic intake was designed for combined cycle engine at a Mach 2 flight condition resulting in a near optimum cone angle of 15 (deg) to be tested in the new free jet facility. The flight envelope of the baseline engine was also determined over a wide range of flight speeds and operating altitudes.http://www.archive.org/details/developmentofshr00alnaCaptain, Royal Army of OmanApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Poverty Effects of House Holds in the Southern Region of Jordan

This study investigated the poverty effects of households in the southern region of Jordan, Madaba, Aqaba, Tafila governorates.The poverty ratio in this region exceeds 28.7%,  . Data was collected by the use of questionnaire which addressed questions related to the study. A total of 900 questionnaires were given out to all the population. Of these, 180 questionnaires were re-called from each local government. The variables of research – per capita expenditure, per capital income, age of respondent, sex (male or female head count), the age structure of the population shows a significant difference in the household saving rate. Idiosyncratic and covariate factors affect the expected per capita consumption of the overall expected poverty for this area. Not less than 80% expected poverty is synonymous with southern region according to these variables. The highest variance occurred in education head count levels which can be divided into five categories. Male-headed households have lower mean consumption than female-headed households. As the determinants of households of the southern region and structures of variables to link the results and actions, therefore the paper, extends the usual of set of explanatory variables which explained the household behavior and to capture their influential impact on household and life cycle dependency ratio admitted as explanatory due to a young, under-educated populace, which is compounded by a heavy responsibility on male-headed count per female. The paper found that the growth of the agricultural sector is slow which means that most of the southern region depends on returns of this sector beyond the dependence on civilian employement to support their household. These results provides a big support for life cycle hypothesis as well as the permanent income hypothesis.We noticed that poverty is a predominant as phenomenon as it is pervasive, with over 30% of the population falling below the poverty line in Jordan. This paper assesses the impact of poverty in the level of determinants of households. Jel elassification: 053, D21, J20, E1

The level of perceived professional competence and its relationship to the quality of professional life among educational counselors in the Education Directorates in the Capital Governorate

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى مستوى الكفاءة المهنية المدركة وعلاقتها بجودة الحياة المهنية لدى المرشدين التربويين في مديريات التربية والتعليم بمحافظة العاصمة. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم اختيار عينة من المرشدين التربويين بلغت (170) طالبًا وطالبة، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة المتيسرة، وتم تطوير مقياسين هما: مقياس الكفاءة المهنية المدركة، ومقياس جودة الحياة المهنية، وتم التحقق من خصائصهما السيكومترية. وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن مستوى الكفاءة المهنية المدركة وجودة الحياة المهنية لدى عينة الدراسة كان مرتفعًا. ووجود علاقة علاقة ارتباطية موجبة دالة احصائيا بين كل من مجالات الكفاءة المهنية المدركة والدرجة الكلية و مجالات جودة الحياة المهنية والدرجة الكلية. وبناء على نتائج الدراسة تم الخروج ببعض التوصيات منها: ضرورة الإفادة من نتائج الدراسة من قبل وزارة التربية والتعليم والجامعات الأردنية من خلال نشر نتائجها، لتعزيز الكفاءة المهنية المدركة وجودة الحياة المهنية لدى المرشدين التربويين.The study aimed to identify the level of perceived professional competence and its relationship to the quality of professional life of educational counselors in the directorates of education in the capital governorate. To achieve the aims of the study a sample from Educational Counselors in the capital governorate. was chosen by simple random sample which consist of (170) male and female counsellors. The two scales were developed: the professional competence scale and quality of professional life scale, and then their psychometric properties were verified. The results of the study concluded that the level of perceived professional competence and quality of professional life among the study sample was high Among Educational Counselors, and there is a statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of perceived professional competence and the total degree and between the dimensions of quality of professional life and the total degree. Based on the results of the study some recommendations are made, including; Benefiting from the results of the study by the Ministry of Education and Jordanian universities by publishing their results, to enhance the perceived professional competence and quality of professional life of educational counselors

Correlation between transient ischemic dilatation (TID) and coronary artery disease in Saudi male patients

AbstractObjectiveA high transient ischemic dilatation ratio (TID) for the left ventricle (LV) from a gated myocardial perfusion imaging (G-MPI) study is widely believed to be associated with significant coronary artery disease (CAD). We have investigated the relationship between TID and CAD for our male Saudi Arabian patient population.MethodsIn this retrospective study, all male Saudi Arabian patients who underwent a two-day G-MPI study using Tc99m MIBI during the year 2011 having a TID⩾1.20 were included. Quantitative perfusion and gated parameters were obtained using Cedar Sinai’s AutoQuant software version 3.0, 2003, Means of summed stress scores, summed rest scores and summed difference scores (SSS, SRS, SDS, respectively), stress and rest ejection fraction (EF) were calculated. Visual interpretation was performed to classify the perfusion as normal, fixed, mixed (fixed and reversible defects), single reversible or multiple reversible defects. Coronary angiograms were assessed as normal with no CAD, single vessel, two-vessel or three-vessel disease. Correlations between the TID and other parameters were studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with IBM-SPSS version 20.ResultsA total of 52 male patients had a high TID of ⩾1.20 (mean 1.30±0.13). Ten patients had a SSS of 0–3 and 16 were classified as normal by visual assessment. Stress EF (mean 50.4±12%) was lower than the rest EF (mean 56.6±12.8%) with the difference being statistically significant (Students paired t-test, p=0.001).Angiography results were available in 44 patients, 3 having a normal angiogram, 24 having three vessel disease, 7 having two vessel disease and 10 having one vessel disease. Five patients with normal perfusion and SSS=0–3 had CAD as seen on a coronary angiography. CAD on coronary angiography showed a significant correlation with perfusion abnormalities as assessed by visual interpretation (p=0.002). TID showed a significantly correlation with both perfusion abnormalities (p=0.009), as assessed by visual interpretation, and with Summed difference scores, SDS (p=0.000).ConclusionA high TID on G-MPI was a very sensitive indicator of significant CAD. In patients with normal perfusion and high TID further workup is warranted

The Areas of Teacher Research in the Sultanate of Oman and the Reality of Benefiting from Them

The present study aims at understanding the reality of teacher research in the Sultanate of Oman, how to benefit from such research in the improvement of teacher development and the teaching-learning process, who should do that, as well as informing current literature with updates on teacher research, a topic that is not yet given adequate attention in Oman. The study implemented a qualitative approach for data collection and analysis of 50 researches done by school-teachers and 22 interviews with research teachers, school head-teachers and educational specialists. The study revealed that teachers are interested in doing research. Teachers, school administration and supervisors benefit from teacher research. Teachers use their own ways to take advantage from their own research and to share it with other teachers and help them value its results and recommendations. The study recommends that a culture of teacher research should be founded in schools, teachers should be supported to do research and more research should be done to explore the extent to which teacher research meets the  criteria of educational research so that it can be trustworthy and useable for schooling improvement

Calibration of Local Volatility Model with Stochastic Interest Rates by Efficient Numerical PDE Method

Long maturity options or a wide class of hybrid products are evaluated using a local volatility type modelling for the asset price S(t) with a stochastic interest rate r(t). The calibration of the local volatility function is usually time-consuming because of the multi-dimensional nature of the problem. In this paper, we develop a calibration technique based on a partial differential equation (PDE) approach which allows an efficient implementation. The essential idea is based on solving the derived forward equation satisfied by P(t; S; r)Z(t; S; r), where P(t; S; r) represents the risk neutral probability density of (S(t); r(t)) and Z(t; S; r) the projection of the stochastic discounting factor in the state variables (S(t); r(t)). The solution provides effective and sufficient information for the calibration and pricing. The PDE solver is constructed by using ADI (Alternative Direction Implicit) method based on an extension of the Peaceman-Rachford scheme. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm to compute all the corrective terms in the local volatility function due to the stochastic interest rates is proposed by using the PDE solutions and grid points. Different numerical experiments are examined and compared to demonstrate the results of our theoretical analysis

Production of Lettuce Edible Vaccine for Cholera Disease Using Chloroplast Genetic Engineering.

Lettuce is one of the most important edible plant worldwide. At the timethat lettuce isthe candidate plant to carry the foreign vaccine gene forhuman. The B subunits of toxin of Vibrio cholerae(CTB) are candidatevaccine antigens. This research was conduct to express CTB gene in lettucechloroplast. Genesrequired in this study were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)technique using specific forward and reverse primers, and these genes wereCTB, BADH, prrnpromoter and many other regulatory genes. Some ofthese genes were isolated from their hosts and some were obtained fromprevious work available at Daniell laboratory. All these genes beside manytechniques for ligation, extension, sequencing, orientation confirmationwere used to construct the cassette vector pLS-BADH-LS-CTB whichcarries the gene of interest. In this work the CTB gene with BADH genewere transferred to the chloroplast of lettuce plant and selection oftransgenic plant was performed on the MS medium containing BA andNaCl without any antibiotic selectable marker. Integration of an unmodifiedCTB-coding sequence into chloroplast genomes (up to 1000 copies per cell)resulted in the accumulation of up to 6.2% of total soluble lettuce leavesprotein as functional oligomers (620-fold higher expression levels than thatof the unmodified CTB gene expressed via the nuclear genome). PCR andSouthern blot analyses confirmed stable integration of the CTB gene andBADH gene into the chloroplast genome in addition to the integration in theright orientation and in specific region between trnaI rnA.Western blotanalysis showed that the chloroplast synthesized CTB assembled intooligomers and were antigenically identical with purified native CT

Improvement of Lactuca sativa slat Tolerance by Plastid Transformation with BADH Gene

Salinity is one of the major factors that limits geographical distribution of plants and adversely affects crop productivity and quality.Here high-level expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) was reported in cultured explantsof lettuce via plastid genetic engineering. Lettuce (Lactucasativa) plant was primarilyexperimented for tolerance of betaine aldehyde (BA) and soudium chloride(NaCl) by tissue culture technique and it was found that the wild typelettuce tolerated 10 and 75 mM from each substance respectively. Genesrequired in this study were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)technique using specific forward and reverse primers, and these genes wereBADH, prrn promoter and many other regulatory genes. Some ofthese genes were isolated from their hosts and some were obtained fromprevious work available at Daniell laboratory. All these genes beside manytechniques for ligation, extension, sequencing, orientation confirmationwere used to construct the cassette vector pLS-BADH-LS whichcarries the gene of interest. Homoplasmic transgenic plants exhibiting high levels of salt tolerance were regenerated from bombarded cell cultures via somatic embryogenesis. Transgenic lettuce plants expressing BADH grew in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl (up to 150mM), the highest level of salt tolerance reported so far among genetically modified lettuce, and the tolerance to betaine aldehyde was 30 mM