The Socio-Cultural, Historical, and Political Allusions in the Translation of the Saudi National Day Poetry: “Peace, O Gracious King” as a Case Study

The aim of this paper is to explore the cultural, social, political, and linguistic aspects of Saudi poems sung on patriotic occasions such as the Saudi National Day. The focus of the study will be on “Peace, O gracious King”, a poem composed by Dr. Abdulaziz Khuja and sung by the famous Saudi singer, Mohamed Abdu in 2010. The use of eulogy has a long tradition in Arabic poetry. It could be traced back to the classic ages. Classic Arab poets used to live on the eulogy’s bounty granted to them by rulers. For them, eulogy was both a means of surviving and to have the privileges of being close to the ruler. Furthermore, it was a way to fame and good reputation. The language of the song gains its power not only from its musicality and lyricism but also from its literariness and poeticness, the most obvious aspects of Abdul-Aziz Khuga’s songs. The song is written in al-fushā or what is known as the modern standard form of Arabic. Dr. Khuga, presently the Minister of Information and Culture in Saudi Arabia, is a Saudi poet. He is one of the contemporary poets who use standard Arabic to express the concerns of the Saudi people using simple language, though exceptionally of poetic and high style. It is a language that can be said to be appealing and accessible to a large audience in society. This language is set up to answer the new needs of the modern Saudi society. Khuga’s language has also managed to bring the audience closer to poetic songs, particularly the national ones. The poem/song is permeated by the age-old metaphor of the King as “pater patriae”; “father” to his subjects’ or “the father of the country”. The representation of the King as the nation’s father taking care of his subjects and having allegiance to the nation’s stability is a salient feature of national songs. In addition, the poet populates his song with other native traditional symbols – the palm tree is an example- that are rooted in the Saudi world and are reflective of its indigenous cultural experience. As will be shown in the discussion, the Saudi national culture, natural world, and common heritage are the sources for his material. He relies on the past experience of the Saudi people to express their present situation and future aspirations. A study of the local national poem/song examined here is meant to give readers a hint at: First, the Saudi notion of what a nation is. Second, the social, cultural, religious, historical, political and emotive implications of the song, and Third, the difficulties encountered when translating such a eulogizing poem/song into English and the procedures the translator should adopt to overcome such difficulties

Lost in Translation: Shop Signs in Jordan

Shop signs, in the Jordanian public commercial environment, have invariably been studied from linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic perspectives, but they have been utterly ignored from a translational point of view. This study, the first of its kind, investigates various problems and inadequacies pertinent to the subject under discussion. Shop signs are selected here from a number of heterogeneous cities, and the translation errors therein, committed by communicators, were empirically analyzed and categorized. Language and culture are, of necessity, inextricably intertwined, and this nexus is particularly apparent in the world of local commercial shop signs, and thus it has been tackled for its direct relevance to the translation of these signs. This investigation, therefore, highlights the linguistic (e.g., word-order, wrong lexical choice, and reductionist strategies), and extralinguistic (i.e., sociocultural and promotional) factors that have turned out to lead to translation inappropriateness and unparallelisms, information skewing, and, consequently, serious semantic-conceptual problems in the produced TLTs. This study may, in a way, provide educated insight into the trendiest translation practices in this field, and the way shop signs are most often verbalized, mishandled, and mistranslated.Les panneaux de magasins, nombreux dans le contexte commercial public en Jordanie, ont été largement étudiés d’un point de vue linguistique, sociolinguistique et pragmatique, mais jamais ils n’ont été abordés sur le plan de leur traduction. Cette étude, la première de son genre, aborde les problèmes et insuffisances liés au sujet en question. Les panneaux commerciaux ont été sélectionnés à partir d’un certain nombre de paramètres hétérogènes. Quant aux erreurs de traduction commises par les interlocuteurs, elles ont été empiriquement analysées et classées par catégorie. Étant donné que la langue et la culture sont inextricablement liées, le lien entre elles s’avère encore plus évident lorsqu’il s’agit des panneaux commerciaux locaux. Le sujet a été ainsi abordé en raison de son rapport direct avec la traduction de ces signes. Cette recherche met donc l’accent sur les facteurs à la fois linguistiques (e.g. l’ordre des mots, les choix lexicaux, les stratégies réductionnistes) et extralinguistiques (e.g. facteurs socioculturels et promotionnels) qui ont été à l’origine de l’inexactitude et l’inadéquation de la traduction, d’une part, et du détournement de l’information, d’autre part. Ce qui mène, en conséquence, à de graves problèmes sémantico-conceptuels sur le plan des traductions en question. Cette étude pourrait, d’une certaine manière, fournir un aperçu instruit des différentes tendances de traduction pratiquées dans le domaine ainsi que de la manière dont les panneaux commerciaux sont souvent exprimés, malmenés et, notamment, mal traduits

Forward error correction in 5G heterogeneous network

In this research, the feasibility of developing a complete polar FEC chain of 5th generation cellular mobile communication standard in software. Specifically, on general purpose processors. Paper work attempts to achieve stringent latency requirements through software, algorithmic and platform specific optimizations. Many algorithms in FEC chain are optimized for hardware implementations. Direct implementation of these algorithms in software results in poor performance. To obtain best performance in terms of latency on general purpose processors, these algorithms are modified or reformulated to suit processor architecture and software implementation. Initially both encoding and decoding FEC chains are implemented naively without any optimization. Code profiling is performed on this naive implementation to identify the significant latency contributors. The research split algorithms of significant latency contributing components into primitive operations. These primitive operations are optimized either with software optimizations or mapped to specialized functional units of a general-purpose processor to achieve best performance using CRC calculation in 5G cellular networks. Optimizations reduced the worst-case latency of the encoding FEC chain from 158µs which is more than 10x reduction in latency with communication rate

The Impact of Online Reviews on Brand Equity

The goal of this research is to see how online consumer reviews affect brand equity. Customers of Jordanian online clothing stores make up the study population. Due to the difficulty of reaching all members of the population, an appropriate sampling approach was used, which is often used in research conditions. Appropriate sampling is a non-random sampling method that uses people who are easily accessible. A structured online survey was used to gather primary data. This survey was conducted among Jordanian customers of online clothes retailers. Customers were thus encouraged to take part in the survey by text messages, official websites, and social media channels. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. The study results showed that the majority of online review dimensions had an impact on brand equity except for reviews time. However, social impact had the highest impact on brand equity. According to the study’s conclusions, marketers must connect with internet marketing methods, particularly social media, and include them into their marketing strategy

Molecular identification of diarrheal Aeromonas using immuno magnetic polymerase chain reaction (IM-PCR) technique: a comparative study with conventional culture method

Background: Aeromonas are ubiquitous bacteria causing many clinical conditions including acute diarrhea. Diarrheagenic Aeromonas harbors aerolysin gene secreting virulent enterotoxin, aerolysin.Objectives: To develop a molecular and immunological based method for detection of Aeromonas.Methods: Diarrheal Aeromonas strains were identified from stool samples using culture, enterotoxicity testing using mice model. During immune magnetic polymerase chain reaction IM-PCR protocol, aerolysin specific antibodies were bound with immuno magnetic binding. Sensitivity and specificity tests for IM-PCR were conducted.Results: There was high detection of Aeromonas using IM-PCR (12.4 %) technique when compared to low isolation with culture (5.1%). Our study confirmed that some strains of enterotoxic Aeromonas strains were uncultivable. Enterotoxicity tests on culture isolates revealed many strains were negative. IM-PCR detected high, (62/500) rate of identification of Aeromonas with aerolysin toxin gene. Aeromonas species identified after IM-PCR were A. hydrophila (40.3% ), A. veronii (17.7 %), A. caviae (14.5%), A. trota (11.2 %), A. jandei (9.6 %) and A. schuberti (6.4%). All A. trota strains were undetected by cultivation.Conclusion: High sensitivity and specificity of IM-PCR are due to preparation of aerolysin antibodies and immuno magnetic binding, prior to PCR. Since diseases due to Aeromonas are increasingly reported, IM-PCR is recommended for detection from clinical specimens.Keywords: Aeromonas, IM-PCR, acute diarrhea, aerolysin, enterotoxicity

A Case of Chronic Cough and Pneumonia Secondary to a Foreign Body

Foreign body aspiration occurs when a solid or semisolid object becomes lodged in the larynx or trachea. It can be a life-threatening emergency, especially if it is large enough to occlude the airway. However, small aspirated objects may go unnoticed until symptoms occur. Therefore, it is frequently misdiagnosed. A high level of clinical suspicion, patient\u27s risk factors, and thorough history and physical examination are essential in making the diagnosis. It should be considered in cases where there is unresolved chronic cough with or without associated recurrent pneumonia especially in patients with risks for aspiration

Ultrasound confirmation of guidewire position may eliminate accidental arterial dilatation during central venous cannulation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ultrasound guidance during central line insertion has significantly reduced complications associated with this procedure and has led to it being incorporated as standard of care in many institutions. However, inadvertent arterial penetration and dilation remains a problem despite ultrasound guidance and can result in significant morbidity and even mortality. Dynamic ultrasound confirmation of guidewire position within the vein prior to dilation may help to prevent and even eliminate this feared complication.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A prospectively collected database of central line insertions for one author utilizing this novel technique was retrospectively reviewed for all incidents of arterial dilation over a period from September 2008 to January 2010.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During the study period 53 central lines were inserted with no incidents of arterial dilation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Ultrasound confirmation of guidewire position has the potential to reduce or eliminate the morbidity and mortality of arterial dilation during central line placement.</p

الأداء التشريعي والرقابي لمجلس النواب الأردني ومجلس الأمة الكويتي: دراسة ميدانية مقارنة

هدف المقال بشكل رئيس إلى مقارنة الممارسة النيابية لمجلس النواب الأردني والبرلمان الكويتي لوظيفتيهما التشريعية والرقابية، وبيان الأداء التشريعي والرقابي لكل من المجلسين. وتم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والمنهج المقارن في معالجة موضوع الدراسة، والإجابة عن تساؤلاتها للوصول إلى أهدافها. وتكوّن مجتمع الدراسة من أعضاء مجلس النواب الأردني ومجلس الأمة الكويتي والعاملين في المجلسين، وتم اختيار عينة الدراسة بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة، وبلغ حجمها (123) مبحوثاً في مجلس النواب الأردني و(76) مبحوثاً في مجلس الأمة الكويتي، وبلغ حجم عينة الدراسة الكلي (199) مبحوثاً في كلا المجلسين. وخلصت الدراسة إلى وجود درجة مرتفعة من الموافقة لدى أفراد عينتي الدراسة الأردنيين والكويتيين نحو الأداء التشريعي والرقابي، واستخدام وسائل الرقابة البرلمانية والتشريعية من قبل مجلس النواب الأردني ومجلس الأمة الكويتي، وأوصت الدراسة بتعزيز الثقة بين السلطات المختلفة، وعلى وجه الخصوص بين السلطتين التشريعية والتنفيذية في الأردن والكويت The article mainly aimed to compare the parliamentary practice of the Jordanian Parliament and the Kuwaiti Parliament for their legislative and oversight functions, and to demonstrate the legislative and oversight performance of each of the two chambers. The analytical descriptive approach and the comparative approach were used to address the subject of the study. And answered questions research to reach her goals. The study population consisted of members of the Jordanian Parliament and the Kuwaiti National Assembly and workers in both chambers. The sample of the study was selected in a simple random way, and its size was (123) respondents in the Jordanian Parliament and (76) respondents in the Kuwaiti National Assembly, and the total study sample size was (199) in both chambers. The study concluded that there was a high degree of approval among the Jordanian and Kuwaiti study sample members towards the legislative and oversight performance, and the use of parliamentary and legislative oversight by the Jordanian Parliament and the Kuwaiti National Assembly. The study recommended strengthening trust between the various authorities, and in particular between the legislative and executive authorities in Jordan and Kuwait

The Mediating Role of Religious Orientations in the Relationship between Intergroup Contact and Sectarian Prejudice among Omani Citizens

ملخص: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن العلاقة بين أنماط التَّديُّن بأشكاله: (الظاهري والجوهري والاستقصائي والأصولي)، والتَّواصل بين الجماعات والتَّعصُّب المذهبي، كما تهدف أيضًا إلى التحقق من الدور الوسيط لأنماط التَّديُّن في العلاقة بين التَّواصل والتعصب. وقد ضمّت عينة الدراسة 2498 مواطنًا عُمانيًّا من المذاهب الثلاثة: الإباضيَّة، والسنّة، والشيعة (Mage=31 years، SDage=9.9) وطُبّق عليهم مقياس أنماط التَّديُّن ومقياس التَّواصل بين الجماعات ومقياس التعصب. وأظهرت النتائج أنّ أنماط التَّديُّن الأصولي والتَّديُّن الظاهري والتَّديُّن الجوهري مرتبطة إيجابيًا بالتَّعصُّب المذهبي. وبيّنت أيضًا أنّ التَّديُّن الاستقصائي والتَّواصل بين الجماعات يرتبطان سلبًا بالتَّعصُّب المذهبي، وأنّ التَّديُّن الاستقصائي والتَّديُّن الأصولي يتوسطان العلاقة بين التَّواصل بين المجموعات والتَّعصُّب المذهبي. كما بيّنت النتائج أنّ جزءًا معتبرًا من التَّعصُّب المذهبي يمكن تفسيره من خلال نمط التَّديُّن الظاهري ونمط التَّديُّن الأصولي، وأن التَّواصل بين أفراد الجماعات المذهبية يرتبط بانخفاض التَّعصُّب المذهبي، ويتوسط كلٌّ من التَّديُّن الاستقصائي والتَّديُّن الأصولي هذه العلاقة.Abstract: This study aimed to understand the interlinks between religious orientations (extrinsic, intrinsic, quest, and fundamentalist), intergroup contact and sectarian prejudice, verifying whether religious orientations mediate the contact-prejudice links. A sample of 2,498 Omani citizens (Mage=31 years, SDage=9.9) who belong to either Ibada, Sunnah, or Shi'a sects responded to a questionnaire measuring the study variables. The results indicated that fundamentalist, extrinsic, and intrinsic religiosity were positively correlated with sectarian prejudice. Furthermore, quest religiosity and contact were negatively correlated with sectarian prejudice, and we found that quest and fundamentalist orientations mediate the association between contact and sectarian prejudice. We concluded that sectarian prejudice can be significantly explained by fundamentalist and extrinsic religiosity, and that quest and fundamentalist religious orientations mediate the contact-sectarian prejudice relationship