Effect of diet supplementation on growth and reproduction in camels under arid range conditions

Eighteen pregnant dromedary females (Camelus dromedarius) were used to determine the effect of concentrate supplement on growth and reproductive performances in peri-partum period. The females were divided into supplemented (n = 9; S) and unsupplemented (n = 9; C) experimental groups. All animals grazed, with one mature male, 7 to 8 hours per day on salty pasture rangelands. During night, they were kept in pen, where each female of group S received 4 kg per day of concentrate supplement during the last 3 months of gestation and 5 kg per day during the first 3 months post-partum. During the last 90 days of gestation daily body weight gain (DBG) was at least tenfold more important in group S than in group C (775 g vs. 72 g respectively). Supplementation affected birth weight of offspring (30.3 kg vs. 23.4 kg) and its DBG (806 g vs. 430 g) in group S and group C respectively. During the post-partum period, females in group S gained in weight (116 g per day) whereas females in group C lost more than 200 g per day. The mean post-partum interval to the first heat and the percentage of females in heat were 29.5 day and 44.4/ vs. 41.2 day and 71.4/ for the C and S groups, respectively. We conclude that under range conditions, dietary supplementation of dromedary during late pregnancy stage and post-partum period improves productive and reproductive parameters

Developing a Collaborative Strategy to Manage and Preserve Cultural Heritage During the Libyan Conflict. The Case of the Gebel Nafusa

The paper discusses the potential of a collaborative scheme for the development of a protocol for recording and managing the cultural heritage in Libya. The critical political situation in the country urges the development of cultural heritage management policies in order to protect it more thoroughly and consistently. Moving on from the numerous international initiatives and projects dealing with a mostly “remote” approach to the issue, the project here presented to engages with staff members of the Department of Antiquities (DoA) in the development of a joint strategy for the application of remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) to the preservation and monitoring of Libyan cultural heritage. A series of training courses resulted in an initial development of new ways of recording and analysing field data for a better awareness of the full range of threats that the archaeology of the country is subject to. Focussing on the case of the Jebel Nafusa, the training involved the assessment of site visibility on satellite imagery, the analysis of high-resolution satellite datasets for archaeological mapping, the creation of a GIS spatial database of field data, and the mapping of risks and threats to archaeology from remote sensing data. This led to the creation of of a risk map showing the areas that are affected by a number of threats, thus giving the DoA a tool to prioritise future fieldwork to keep the assessment of site damage up to date. Only a collaborative approach can lead to a sustainable strategy for the protection of the invaluable cultural heritage of Libya

Glucose valorization by hydrothermal process assisted by photocatalysis

SSCI-VIDE+CARE:CDURABLE+IBD:FDA:MET:NES:CGUNational audienceBiomass has attracted considerable attention as an abundant carbon source and a promising alternative for fossil resources. The valorization of its simplest molecule (glucose, in aqueous media) has been studied by mean of different processes such as hydrothermal process (HP) and photocatalytic process (PP). HP which is high energy consuming (high temperature and pressure) transforms glucose into a variety of products such as lactic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid, but in general the transformations suffer from carbon losses due to uncontrolled humins formation … While PP which is low energy consuming (low temperature and pressure) is mainly used to mineralize glucose or to produce hydrogen from glucose. Herein, we studied glucose transformation in aqueous solutions by HP assisted by photocatalysis (HPP) in the presence of a commercial TiO2 anatase catalyst (UV100) with the objective of combining the advantages of the two process: decreasing energy expenditure without carbon loss in uncontrolled humins’ formation. Under inert atmosphere, under 15 bar and 150°C, after 5h, almost complete glucose conversion was obtained for HP and for HPP. However, while the several main products (erythrose, gluconic and levulinic acids) were formed in low selectivity (<15%) with HP, levulinic acid was the major product formed with a selectivity of about 70% with HPP at the same glucose conversion (90%). Beside the formation of levulinic acid by HPP and importantly, in absence of noble metal, we also notice the important formation of H2 (80 µmol at 150 °C) and ethene (40 µmol at 150°C) for prolonged reaction time (24h) whereas they are present at negligible amount (< 0.25 µmol) under hydrothermal process at 150°C and photocatalysis at ambient TOur research shows the interest of this innovative process, associating an activation of a metal free catalyst under pressure, temperature and UV for elaboration of energy (H2, C2H4) and platform molecules such as levulinic acid, a versatile synthetic intermediate, used for example in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds but also a photosensitizer used in photochemotherapy or us biofuel additive

Hydrothermal Process under UV for the Biomass Valorisation and Water treatment – An innovative process

SSCI-VIDE+CARE:CDURABLE+CGU:FDA:MET:NESInternational audienceThe energy crisis and the pollution are two major concerns of our current society. Hydrothermal (HP) and photocatalytic (PP) processes have attracted a growing attention in recent years for the production of high-value chemicals from sustainable carbon sources but also for water treatment. However, improvement of their efficiencies and reduction of their costs remain a major challenge. Such objectives are realized through the combination of these two processes (HPAP). In this regard, the impact of UV irradiation on commercial TiO2 catalyzed glucose conversion in value added molecules was studied at 120-150 °C, in anaerobic conditions whereas aerobic conditions were used for evaluated this combined process for water treatment. High selectivity of levulinic acid (60%) together with the co-production of ethylene and hydrogen was found under Ar and important mineralization of some industrial water treatment was observed under air

Hydrothermal Process under UV for the Biomass Valorisation and Water treatment – An innovative process

SSCI-VIDE+CARE:CDURABLE+CGU:FDA:MET:NESInternational audienceThe energy crisis and the pollution are two major concerns of our current society. Hydrothermal (HP) and photocatalytic (PP) processes have attracted a growing attention in recent years for the production of high-value chemicals from sustainable carbon sources but also for water treatment. However, improvement of their efficiencies and reduction of their costs remain a major challenge. Such objectives are realized through the combination of these two processes (HPAP). In this regard, the impact of UV irradiation on commercial TiO2 catalyzed glucose conversion in value added molecules was studied at 120-150 °C, in anaerobic conditions whereas aerobic conditions were used for evaluated this combined process for water treatment. High selectivity of levulinic acid (60%) together with the co-production of ethylene and hydrogen was found under Ar and important mineralization of some industrial water treatment was observed under air

Hydrothermal process assisted by photocatalysis: Towards a novel hybrid mechanism driven glucose valorization to levulinic acid, ethylene and hydrogen

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Hydrothermal and photocatalytic conversion of glucose with commercial titanium dioxide catalysts (TiO2)

SSCI-VIDE+CARE:CDFA+IBD:FDA:MET:CGU:NESInternational audienceIn order to find alternatives to the fossil carbon, catalytic gasification, pyrolysis, and liquefaction processes have been developed for the production of high-value chemicals from sustainable carbon sources. However, the development of efficient and cheap processes remains the major challenge and photocatalysis presents a high potential to face this issue [1]. In this regard, the hydrothermal catalytic conversion (high temperature and high pressure) and the photocatalytic conversion (under ambient temperature) of glucose in aqueous solutions were studied with the objective of subsequently combining these two processes which would allow to decrease the reaction temperature (hence energy expenditure) and limit the formation of side products. Under hydrothermal condition (glucose/catalyst=1, 0.5 g/L, 120 °C, inert atmosphere), the catalytic performances of different commercial titanium dioxide catalysts (UV100, PC105, MPT-625, Rut 160, P25, P90) were compared. A large number of platform molecules such as fructose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and lactic acid were produced in the liquid phase. The main ones were: fructose with UV100, PC105, P25 and P90; HMF with MPT-625 and Rut160, without evident correlation with the TiO2 phase structure. The catalytic performance of hydrothermal glucose conversion was also investigated under air (oxidant) atmosphere and was found similar to that under inert (neutral) atmosphere. The photocatalytic conversion of glucose in aqueous solutions (glucose/catalyst=1, 0.5 g/L, room temperature, under air, UV (365 nm, 6.7 mW/cm²)) was also investigated in the presence of the above catalysts. Numerous different platform molecules such as formic acid, glyceraldehyde, gluconic acid, erythrose, arabinose, and lactic acid were produced, accounting for the occurrence of a quite different mechanism pathway. P25 and P90, containing 80% anatase and 20% rutile phases, were the most selective for gluconic acid and erythrose. Whereas rutile phase, MPT-625 and Rut160 were the most selective for glyceraldehyde. Using PC105 under neutral environment (argon), the glucose conversion rate and the products yields were low in both liquid and gas phases. The search for potential relationships between the acid-base properties of the catalysts and their activity was also investigated using: 1) the simple model reaction of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) conversion in water [2] and 2) the adsorption of pyridine monitored by FTIR (identification of Bronsted and Lewis sites) and 3) calorimetry (to determine the number of acid and basic sites and their strength by adsorbing NH3 and CO2). The model reaction showed that while Rutile catalysts (MPT-625, Rut 160) do not promote lactic acid formation explained by the absence of no Lewis acid sites, the Anatase-Rutile catalysts (P25, P90) would have more of active Lewis acid sites than the Anatase catalysts (UV100, PC105) based on the extent of Lactic acid formation. This is in agreement with the adsorption of pyridine monitored by FTIR which shows that Rut160 has the least Lewis acid sites.It may be concluded that despite the differences between the mechanisms and the products of the two processes ((hydrothermal and photocatalysis), their combination might decrease the reaction temperature and limit the formation of unfavorable side products.References[1] L.I.Granone, F.Sieland, N.Zheng, R.Dillert, D.W.bahnemann Green Chem 20 2018, 1169.[2] E. Jolimaitre, D. Delcroix, N. Essayem, C. Pinel, and M. Besson, Catal. Sci. Technol. 8 2018, 1349

Hydrothermal and photocatalytic conversion of glucose with commercial titanium dioxide catalysts

SSCI-VIDE+CARE:CDFA+IBD:FDA:MET:CGU:NESNational audienceNon