720,279 research outputs found
Micro-bias and macro-performance
We use agent-based modeling to investigate the effect of conservatism and
partisanship on the efficiency with which large populations solve the density
classification task--a paradigmatic problem for information aggregation and
consensus building. We find that conservative agents enhance the populations'
ability to efficiently solve the density classification task despite large
levels of noise in the system. In contrast, we find that the presence of even a
small fraction of partisans holding the minority position will result in
deadlock or a consensus on an incorrect answer. Our results provide a possible
explanation for the emergence of conservatism and suggest that even low levels
of partisanship can lead to significant social costs.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
On the polarization properties of the charmed baryon Lambda^+_c in the Lambda^+_c -> p + K^- + pi^+ + pi^0 decay
The polarization properties of the charmed Lambda^+_c baryon are investigated
in weak non-leptonic four-body Lambda^+_c -> p + K^- + pi^+ + pi^0 decay. The
probability of this decay and the angular distribution of the probability are
calculated in the effective quark model with chiral U(3)XU(3) symmetry
incorporating Heavy Quark Effective theory (HQET) and the extended
Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with a linear realization of chiral U(3)XU(3)
symmetry. The theoretical value of the probability of the decay Lambda^+_c -> p
+ K^- + pi^+ + pi^0 relative to the probability of the decay Lambda^+_c -> p +
K^- + pi^+ does not contain free parameters and fits well experimental data.
The application of the obtained results to the analysis of the polarization of
the Lambda^+_c produced in the processes of photo and hadroproduction is
discussed.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, Late
Electromagnetic form factors in the J/\psi mass region: The case in favor of additional resonances
Using the results of our recent analysis of e^+e^- annihilation, we plot the
curves for the diagonal and transition form factors of light hadrons in the
time-like region up to the production threshold of an open charm quantum
number. The comparison with existing data on the decays of J/\psi into such
hadrons shows that some new resonance structures may be present in the mass
range between 2 GeVand the J/\psi mass. Searching them may help in a better
understanding of the mass spectrum in both the simple and a more sophisticated
quark models, and in revealing the details of the three-gluon mechanism of the
OZI rule breaking in K\bar K channel.Comment: Formulas are added, typo is corrected, the text is rearranged.
Replaced to match the version accepted in Phys Rev
Low energy electronic states in spheroidal fullerenes
The field-theory model is proposed to study the electronic states near the
Fermi energy in spheroidal fullerenes. The low energy electronic wavefunctions
obey a two-dimensional Dirac equation on a spheroid with two kinds of gauge
fluxes taken into account. The first one is so-called K spin flux which
describes the exchange of two different Dirac spinors in the presence of a
conical singularity. The second flux (included in a form of the Dirac monopole
field) is a variant of the effective field approximation for elastic flow due
to twelve disclination defects through the surface of a spheroid. We consider
the case of a slightly elliptically deformed sphere which allows us to apply
the perturbation scheme. It is shown exactly how a small deformation of
spherical fullerenes provokes an appearance of fine structure in the electronic
energy spectrum as compared to the spherical case. In particular, two
quasi-zero modes in addition to the true zero mode are predicted to emerge in
spheroidal fullerenes. An additional 'hyperfine' splitting of the levels
(except the quasi-zero-mode states) is found.Comment: 9 page
Asymmetry in the Spectrum of High-Velocity H2O Maser Emission Features in Active Galactic Nuclei
We suggest a mechanism for the amplification of high-velocity water-vapor
maser emission features from the central regions of active galactic nuclei. The
model of an emitting accretion disk is considered. The high-velocity emission
features originate in the right and left wings of the Keplerian disk. The
hyperfine splitting of the signal levels leads to an asymmetry in the spectral
profile of the water vapor maser line at a frequency of 22.235 GHz. We show
that the gain profile asymmetry must lead to an enhanced brightness of the
blueshifted high-velocity emission features compared to the redshifted ones.
Such a situation is observed in the source UGC 3789.Comment: 11 pages 3 figure
General relations for quantum gases in two and three dimensions. Two-component fermions
We derive exact relations for spin-1/2 fermions with zero-range or
short-range interactions, in continuous space or on a lattice, in or in
, in any external potential. Some of them generalize known relations
between energy, momentum distribution , pair distribution function
, derivative of the energy with respect to the scattering length
. Expressions are found for the second order derivative of the energy with
respect to (or to in ). Also, it is found that the leading
energy corrections due to a finite interaction range, are proportional to the
effective range in (and to in ) with exprimable
model-independent coefficients, that give access to the subleading short
distance behavior of and to the subleading tail of .
This applies to lattice models for some magic dispersion relations, an example
of which is given. Corrections to exactly solvable two-body and three-body
problems are obtained. For the trapped unitary gas, the variation of the
finite- and finite energy corrections within each energy
ladder is obtained; it gives the frequency shift and the collapse time of the
breathing mode. For the bulk unitary gas, we compare to fixed-node Monte Carlo
data, and we estimate the experimental uncertainty on the Bertsch parameter due
to a finite .Comment: Augmented version: with respect to published version, subsection V.K
added (minorization of the contact by the order parameter). arXiv admin note:
text overlap with arXiv:1001.077
Nonfactorization in Hadronic Two-body Cabibbo-favored decays of D^0 and D^+
With the inclusion of nonfactorized amplitudes in a scheme with , we
have studied Cabibbo-favored decays of and into two-body hadronic
states involving two isospins in the final state. We have shown that it is
possible to understand the measured branching ratios and determined the sizes
and signs of nonfactorized amplitudes required.Comment: 15 pages, Late
HII Shells Surrounding Wolf-Rayet stars in M31
We present the results of an ongoing investigation to provide a detailed view
of the processes by which massive stars shape the surrounding interstellar
medium (ISM), from pc to kpc scales. In this paper we have focused on studying
the environments of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in M31 to find evidence for WR
wind-ISM interactions, through imaging ionized hydrogen nebulae surrounding
these stars.
We have conducted a systematic survey for HII shells surrounding 48 of the 49
known WR stars in M31. There are 17 WR stars surrounded by single shells, or
shell fragments, 7 stars surrounded by concentric limb brightened shells, 20
stars where there is no clear physical association of the star with nearby
H-alpha emission, and 4 stars which lack nearby H-alpha emission. For the 17+7
shells above, there are 12 which contain one or two massive stars (including a
WR star) and that are <=40 pc in radius. These 12 shells may be classical WR
ejecta or wind-blown shells. Further, there may be excess H-alpha point source
emission associated with one of the 12 WR stars surrounded by putative ejecta
or wind-blown shells. There is also evidence for excess point source emission
associated with 11 other WR stars. The excess emission may arise from
unresolved circumstellar shells, or within the extended outer envelopes of the
stars themselves.
In a few cases we find clear morphological evidence for WR shells interacting
with each other. In several H-alpha images we see WR winds disrupting, or
punching through, the walls of limb-brightened HII shells.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures (in several parts: some .jpg and others .ps),
accepted to AJ (appearing Oct, 1999
A new insight into the observation of spectroscopic strength reduction in atomic nuclei: implication for the physical meaning of spectroscopic factors
Experimental studies of one nucleon knockout from magic nuclei suggest that
their nucleon orbits are not fully occupied. This conflicts a commonly accepted
view of the shell closure associated with such nuclei. The conflict can be
reconciled if the overlap between initial and final nuclear states in a
knockout reaction are calculated by a non-standard method. The method employs
an inhomogeneous equation based on correlation-dependent effective
nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions and allows the simplest wave functions, in
which all nucleons occupy only the lowest nuclear orbits, to be used. The
method also reproduces the recently established relation between reduction of
spectroscopic strength, observed in knockout reactions on other nuclei, and
nucleon binding energies. The implication of the inhomogeneous equation method
for the physical meaning of spectroscopic factors is discussed.Comment: 4 pages, accepted by Phys. Rev. Let
Large rare fluctuations in systems with delayed dissipation
We study the probability distribution and the escape rate in systems with
delayed dissipation that comes from the coupling to a thermal bath. To
logarithmic accuracy in the fluctuation intensity, the problem is reduced to a
variational problem. It describes the most probable fluctuational paths, which
are given by acausal equations due to the delay. In thermal equilibrium, the
most probable path passing through a remote state has time reversal symmetry,
even though one cannot uniquely define a path that starts from a state with
given system coordinate and momentum. The corrections to the distribution and
the escape activation energy for small delay and small noise correlation time
are obtained in the explicit form.Comment: 9 page
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