Kinematical analysis of the nutation speed reducer

This paper discusses the development of a Nutating Speed Reducer (NSR) which is characterized by high reduction ratio, high tooth contact ratio, very high torque to weight/volume ratio, quiet and smooth operation under load and very high efficiency. All of these advantages are due to the presence of conjugate face-gear pairs, which incorporate each other, which called nutating/rotating gear mechanism. Details of the NSR, its kinematics, gear tooth load capacity, and mesh efficiency are explained. The NSR component speeds and speed reduction ratios of the NSR are calculated. Effect of the varying nutation angles on the geometry of the NSR is discussed and compared

Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori Infection Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration Bordering

Helicobacter pylori gastritis results in an increased secretion of basal and meal-stimulated gastrin, which is also a physiologic amplifier of insulin release. Aim of the study: To detect the relationship between H. pylori infection and fasting blood glucose concentration. The study was performed on 209 patients (112 females and 97 males) and 22 control subjects were referring to Immunology Dep. in Central Public Health Laboratories for the period from August 2007 to June 2008, where H.pylori was diagnosed serologically. Fasting serum glucose concentrations had been measured by the glucose oxidase procedure. The fasting plasma glucose was significantly lower in H. pylori infected patients than non-infected ones. Seropositive anti-H.pylori IgG antibodies were detected in 36.6% of women participants (41/112) and in 37.1% of men participants (36/97). The research findings indicate a positive association between H. pylori infection and fasting serum glucose concentrations, indicating that H. pylori infection and related gastrointestinal disorder may be related to glycaemic status

Preliminary cultivation of silver bream (Sparidentexhasta) in earthen pond using available artificial fish feed in Chowibdeh site-Abadan southern Iran

Possibility of rearing silver bream (Sparidentex hasta) in the earthen pond was experimented using 2 types of available artificial trout feed (FFT and GFT1). The experiment was carried out in 2 phases in Shahid-Kiani Extension Shrimp Farm in Chowibdeh Shrimp Site-Abadan Southern Iran, and earthen ponds with 0.25 ha. Area were used for both phases of the study. Juvenile fish of 3.2 g initial weight with the density of 9324 ind./ha. Were stocked for 196 days in the first phase. The initial weight, stocking density and rearing period of the fish in the second phase were 108.60 g, 9800 ind./ha. And 237 days respectively. Maximum amount of WG, FCR, PER and SVR of the fish in the first phase of the study were 100.12 g, more than 6, 0.38 and 55.32% respectively. WG and SR of the fish in the second phase respectively were 417 g and 20.74%. The Salinity of pond water was in the range between 9 and 22 ppt, and the water temperature was between 8.3 ֯C (mid December morning) and 34.8 ֯C (early Sep....

SGLT1 contributes to glucose-mediated exacerbation of ischemia–reperfusion injury in ex vivo rat heart

Hyperglycaemia is common during acute coronary syndromes (ACS) irrespective of diabetic status and portends excess infarct size and mortality, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We hypothesized that sodium/glucose linked transporter-1 (SGLT1) might contribute to the effect of high-glucose during ACS and examined this using an ex-vivo rodent heart model of ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 35 min ischemia and 2 h reperfusion, with variable glucose and reciprocal mannitol given during reperfusion in the presence of pharmacological inhibitors of SGLT1. Myocardial SGLT1 expression was determined in rat by rtPCR, RNAscope and immunohistochemistry, as well as in human by single-cell transcriptomic analysis. High glucose in non-diabetic rat heart exacerbated reperfusion injury, significantly increasing infarct size from 45 ± 3 to 65 ± 4% at 11–22 mmol/L glucose, respectively (p < 0.01), an association absent in diabetic heart (32 ± 1–37 ± 5%, p = NS). Rat heart expressed SGLT1 RNA and protein in vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes, with similar expression found in human myocardium by single-nucleus RNA-sequencing. Rat SGLT1 expression was significantly reduced in diabetic versus non-diabetic heart (0.608 ± 0.08 compared with 1.116 ± 0.13 probe/nuclei, p < 0.01). Pharmacological inhibitors phlorizin, canagliflozin or mizagliflozoin in non-diabetic heart revealed that blockade of SGLT1 but not SGLT2, abrogated glucose-mediated excess reperfusion injury. Elevated glucose is injurious to the rat heart during reperfusion, exacerbating myocardial infarction in non-diabetic heart, whereas the diabetic heart is resistant to raised glucose, a finding which may be explained by lower myocardial SGLT1 expression. SGLT1 is expressed in vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes and inhibiting SGLT1 abrogates excess glucose-mediated infarction. These data highlight SGLT1 as a potential clinical translational target to improve morbidity/mortality outcomes in hyperglycemic ACS patients

Pliminary rearing of sea bream (Acanthapagrus latus) in the ground pond in the Choweibdeh (Abadan) using available artificial feed

This study has been carried out to evaluate the possibility to culture shanak (yellow fin seabream: Acanthopagrus latus) fish in the ground pond. The study including two experiments. In the first experiment two commercial available feeds (403 as shrimp food and F.F.T as trout food both produced by Chineh company) are used to evaluate the growth performance of the bream Juvenile produced artificially in the Bandar Imam Mariculture Research Stationin weghing 2.72- 3.54 g. To perform the first experiment 6 ground ponds each with 0.25 ha area are used as replicates 3 ponds randomly allocated to each food. 5000 in dividual juvenile fishes are stocked in each pond. After 116 days rearing period well growth performances are achieved for both foods with no significant difference (P 0.05) between them, although better growth performances are observed for F.F.T food. The final weight (WE), SVR ,FCR and SGR of shanak for F.F.T food respectively were 23.29 ± 11.14, 95.98% ±0.78, 1.39 ±0.26 and 3.47±0.23 where for 403 food were 22.08±9.95 , 89.67%±8.75 , 1.53±0.12 and 3.25±0.33 respectively. In the second experiment in which only trout food was used the target was to examine the growth parameters of shanak juvenile in a full rearing period (198 days) in the ground pond. Juvenile fishes with 36.53 g were used with same methods adopted for the first experiment. The final weight of 206.3 g is achieved by 89.35% SVR and 1.92 of FCR. Results of this experiment showed that the growth quickly improved with fast rate along with the increment of temperature and salinity up to 25ºC and 14 ppt respectively. There after by the raising the temperature and salinity more than 25 ºC and 14ppt respectively the growth reduced

Determination of the best protein to energy level for rearing silver sea bream (Sparidentex hasta) in the fingerling stage

This research has been carried out to study on the effect of different levels of protein (45, 50, 55 and 60%) and energy (20, 22 and 24 KJ/g) on growth performances, survival rate, nutrition factors and chemical composition of juvenile fish of silver sea bream (Sparidentex hasta) wheighing 27 grams.The experiment was done with 12 treatments and 3 replicate for each treatment. The rearing period was 56 days in 300 liter polyethylene tanks (with 200 liter water volume and with water exchange of 1 liter/min). In each tank eighteen fish were stocked. Biometry was done in every two weeks. At the end of experiment one fish was used for chemical analysis of body. Finally, with consider to obtain results from Two-way ANOVA, the 50% of protein level and 22 KJ/g of energy level is suitable for making nutrition for this species

Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of yellow fin seabream Acanthopagrus latus juvenile

A feeding trial was carried out where, three protein concentrations [45%, 55% and 65%, crude protein (CP)] was fed to yellow fin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus) fingerlings at three dietary energy concentrations [20, 22and 24 Kj g-1 crude energy (CE)] ,to determine the protein and energy requirement for this species. Triplicate groups of 20 fish (average weight 12±.2g) was each stocked in 300-L fiberglass tanks and fed twice a day to apparent satiation. After 8 weeks, the survival was independent of the dietary treatments, but the average fish weight gain (AWG), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were significantly affected by dietary protein (P 0.05). PER, PR, GER, VSI and IFR increased with the increase of energy from 20 to 24 Kj g-1 at the same protein level. Carcass moisture, fat and ash contents were affected by dietary protein and energy levels (P<0.05). Carcass energy content increased with increasing dietary energy, but carcass moisture was decreased with increasing dietary energy from 20 to 24 Kj g-1.. It was concluded that the optimum dietary protein and energy level for growth of juvenile yellow fin sea bream maybe 562-574.7 g kg-1diet and 21.9- 24.56 Kj g-1 respectively