Analyse der Wohn‐ und Arbeitsortverteilung von Hochqualifizierten in der Metropolregion Rhein‐Neckar

Der Strukturwandel zu wissensbasierten Dienstleistungen und der High Tech Branche bedingt eine steigende Nachfrage nach hochqualifizierten Arbeitnehmern. Für eine erfolgreiche Regionalentwicklung ist daher ein ausreichender Bestand an Hochqualifizierten unabdingbar. Vor dem Hintergrund des sich abzeichnenden demographischen Wandels droht jedoch ein zukünftiger Mangel an Fachkräften auf nationaler Ebene. Diese Entwicklung wird sich regional sehr heterogen vollziehen und für Regionalplaner und Unternehmen wird es in Zukunft zunehmend schwerer werden, die „klugen Köpfe“ anzulocken, beziehungsweise sie nach dem Studium oder der Ausbildung in der Region zu halten. Dieses Papier untersucht für die Europäische Metropolregion Rhein‐Neckar und ihrem Pendlereinzugsgebiet, welche Faktoren den Anteil von Hochqualifizierten an den sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten sowohl am Arbeits‐ als auch am Wohnort auf Kreisebene beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse legen den Schluss nahe, dass neben den Beschäftigungsbedingungen und Chancen des Wirtschaftsraumes auch die Attraktivität der Region als Wohnstandort eine wichtige Rolle spielt und dass Wettbewerbsvorteile zunehmend regional verwirklicht werden

Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit älterer Arbeitnehmer : Eine mikroökonometrische Evaluation der Arbeitslosengeldreform von 1997

Im Jahr 1997 wurden die maximalen Anspruchsdauern auf Arbeitslosengeld für ältere Beschäftigte verkürzt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen dieser Reform auf Übergänge von Beschäftigung in Arbeitslosigkeit und Verweildauern in Arbeitslosigkeit dieser Gruppe untersucht. Die Analyse beruht auf der IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe 1975-2001, welche tagesgenaue Informationen von über einer Million sozialversicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigten und Leistungsempfängern der Bundesagentur für Arbeit umfasst. Es kann festgestellt werden, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit, arbeitslos zu werden, bei der betrachteten Gruppe der 54-56jährigen nach der Reform abnimmt. Außerdem ist eine Verkürzung der Verweildauern in Arbeitslosigkeit nach der Reform zu beobachten. Die 54-56jährigen unterscheiden sich nach der Reform nicht mehr von der Gruppe der 52-53jährigen. Insbesondere größere Unternehmen und deren Beschäftigte nutzen die langen Anspruchsdauern auf Arbeitslosengeld zur Frühverrentung

Impulsive Behaviors in Patients With Pathological Buying

Aim To investigate impulsive behaviors in pathological buying (PB). Methods The study included three groups matched for age and gender: treatment seeking outpatients with PB (PB+), treatment seeking psychiatric inpatients without PB (PB−), and a healthy control group (HC). PB was assessed by means of the Compulsive Buying Scale and by the impulse control disorder (ICD) module of the research version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-ICD). All participants answered questionnaires concerning symptoms of borderline personality disorder, self-harming behaviors, binge eating and symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In addition, comorbid ICDs were assessed using the SCID-ICD. Results The PB+ and PB− groups did not differ with regard to borderline personality disorder or ADHD symptoms, but both groups reported significantly more symptoms than the HC group. Frequencies of self-harming behaviors did not differ between the three groups. Patients with PB were more often diagnosed with any current ICD (excluding PB) compared to those without PB and the HC group (38.7% vs. 12.9% vs. 12.9%, respectively, p=.017). Discussion Our findings confirm prior research suggesting more impulsive behaviors in patients with and without PB compared to healthy controls. The results of the questionnaire-based assessment indicate that outpatients with PB perceive themselves equally impulsive and self-harm as frequently as inpatients without PB; but they seem to suffer more often from an ICD as assessed by means of an interview

Adverse perinatal outcomes for obese women are influenced by the presence of comorbid diabetes and hypertensive disorders

Maternal obesity often occurs together with comorbid diabetes and hypertensive disorders. All three conditions are independently associated with negative perinatal outcomes. Our objective was to determine the risk and burden of adverse perinatal outcome that could be attributed to maternal obesity in combination with a comorbid status. We analyzed data from 324'664 singleton deliveries in Switzerland between 2005 and 2016. For the association of maternal obesity in the presence or absence of comorbidities with various perinatal outcomes, we estimated adjusted relative risk (RR) using multivariable regression modeling and determined the multivariable-adjusted attributable fraction of the population (AFp). Obesity was a main predictor for macrosomia, fracture of the clavicle, failure to progress in labor and prolonged labor. By stratifying women based on comorbidities, we identified significantly increased risk for preterm birth and early neonatal death only for women diagnosed with a comorbidity. However, various other outcomes were independently associated with either obesity or comorbidities. The AFp showed greatest reduction in comorbidities (15.4/15.0/13.2%), in macrosomia (6.3%) and in shoulder dystocia (4.8%) if all women were to become non-obese. We suggest that comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertensive disorders should be considered when relating maternal obesity to adverse perinatal outcomes

Modified toggle pin technique combined with prosthetic capsular reconstruction for surgical stabilization of coxofemoral luxation in a Shetland pony

Objective To describe open reduction and surgical stabilization of a coxofemoral luxation in a pony using a modified toggle pin technique and prosthetic joint capsule reconstruction without osteotomy of the greater trochanter. Animal A 2-year-old Shetland pony with a bodyweight of 167 kg. Study design Case report. Methods Radiographic examination confirmed craniodorsal luxation of the left coxofemoral joint. An open reduction with the aid of a pulley system was performed. A toggle pin was inserted through a bone tunnel extending from the level of the femoral shaft through the femoral head and the center of the acetabulum for the pin to be positioned on the medial wall of the acetabulum. FiberWire was subsequently passed through the cranial and caudal aspects of the acetabulum as well as a transverse tunnel in the femoral neck in a figure of 8 to facilitate capsular reconstruction. The pony was placed in a sling for 8 weeks and gradually returned to normal activity over 2 months. Results Postoperative radiographic examination confirmed the position of the femoral head in the acetabulum with the implants in place. On 2-year follow-up the pony was sound at walk and trot. Conclusion A combined intra- and extra-articular stabilization technique for coxofemoral luxation in a pony resulted in successful long-term reduction and excellent outcome

Erwerbsverläufe von Migrantinnen im Sozial- und Gesundheitswesen: welche Implikationen ergeben sich für eine migrationsspezifische Beratung?

"'Potenziale von Zuwanderinnen besser nutzen' - durch die Einführung des Berufsqualifikationsfeststellungsgesetzes (BQFG) und entsprechender Landesregelungen soll dies besser gelingen als bisher. Mit Blick auf die demografische Entwicklung, den sich abzeichnenden Fachkräftebedarf und die häufige Dequalifizierung ausländischer Qualifikationen auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt scheint dies dringend erforderlich. Die vorliegende qualitative Studie betrachtet die Erwerbsverläufe von 28 meist hochqualifizierten Migrantinnen, die im Ausland einen Berufs- oder Bildungsabschluss im Sozial- oder Gesundheitswesen erworben haben. Hierdurch sollen Chancen und Hürden beim Übergang in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt identifiziert werden. Die Analyse der individuellen Erwerbsbiographien verdeutlicht, dass es selbst für hochqualifizierte Migrantinnen nahezu unmöglich erscheint, einen qualifikationsgerechten Beruf in Deutschland auszuüben. Mit Blick auf eine Integration in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt lassen sich drei Handlungsstrategien beobachten: Die Gruppe der 'pragmatischen Frauen' vollzieht eine Ausbildung oder Umschulung bzw. strebt diese an; die Gruppe der 'resignierten Frauen' übt Tätigkeiten weit unterhalb des eigenen Qualifikationsniveaus aus. In beiden Fällen bietet ihnen der jeweilige Ansatz eine greifbare Perspektive für den Arbeitsmarktzugang, führt jedoch auch zur Entwertung der mitgebrachten akademischen Abschlüsse. Die kleinste Gruppe stellen 'persistente Migrantinnen' dar, die die Anerkennung ihres Abschlusses erfolgreich verfolgt haben bzw. eine erneute Antragstellung planen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Resilienzforschung werden relevante Einflussgrößen als Schutz- bzw. Risikofaktoren betrachtet. Während sich ihre intrinsische Arbeits- und Aufstiegsmotivation, die stabilisierende Wirkung der Familie sowie mentorenartige Figuren wie (Sprach-)Lehrer, Berater oder hilfsbereite Bekannte als Schutzfaktoren erweisen, stellen die erlebten Diskriminierungserfahrungen sowie eine mangelnde Willkommenskultur ein Hindernis dar." (Autorenreferat

Findings consistent with equine proximal suspensory desmitis can be reliably detected using computed tomography and differ between affected horses and controls

The objective of this retrospective, observational, controlled study was to evaluate bone and soft tissue window CT images of the proximoplantar metatarsus III region in twenty horses with pain localized to the proximal suspensory ligament (PSL) and 20 horses with findings nonrelated to tarsal pain. All horses underwent CT and radiographic examination. Images were reviewed by three independent observers who graded the severity and localization of findings. Bone-related categories as well as soft tissue-related categories were evaluated. For the comparison of imaging findings in horses with and without proximal suspensory desmitis (PSD), mixed linear regression was performed. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess intraobserver agreement, and kappa statistics were employed to evaluate interobserver agreement. CT examination identified significantly more abnormalities in the diseased group. The scores for osseous exostosis (p = .015) and PSL enlargement (p = .004) were notably higher in PSD horses compared to controls. Intraobserver agreement was overall high (ICC .82–1.0), and interobserver agreement was substantial for the detection of mineralization (kappa = .61) and moderate for sclerosis (kappa = .43), exostosis (kappa = .43), and PSL enlargement (kappa = .48/.51). Measurements in the soft tissue window were significantly smaller than those in the bone window. Findings concurrent with PSD including osseous proliferation and sclerosis as well as soft tissue enlargement, mineralization, and avulsion can be reliably detected using CT. Findings from the current study supported the use of CT for evaluating horses with suspected PSD where high-field MRI is not available

Beliefs about the Minds of Others Influence How We Process Sensory Information

Attending where others gaze is one of the most fundamental mechanisms of social cognition. The present study is the first to examine the impact of the attribution of mind to others on gaze-guided attentional orienting and its ERP correlates. Using a paradigm in which attention was guided to a location by the gaze of a centrally presented face, we manipulated participants' beliefs about the gazer: gaze behavior was believed to result either from operations of a mind or from a machine. In Experiment 1, beliefs were manipulated by cue identity (human or robot), while in Experiment 2, cue identity (robot) remained identical across conditions and beliefs were manipulated solely via instruction, which was irrelevant to the task. ERP results and behavior showed that participants' attention was guided by gaze only when gaze was believed to be controlled by a human. Specifically, the P1 was more enhanced for validly, relative to invalidly, cued targets only when participants believed the gaze behavior was the result of a mind, rather than of a machine. This shows that sensory gain control can be influenced by higher-order (task-irrelevant) beliefs about the observed scene. We propose a new interdisciplinary model of social attention, which integrates ideas from cognitive and social neuroscience, as well as philosophy in order to provide a framework for understanding a crucial aspect of how humans' beliefs about the observed scene influence sensory processing

Modified toggle pin technique combined with prosthetic capsular reconstruction for surgical stabilization of coxofemoral luxation in a Shetland pony

Objective To describe open reduction and surgical stabilization of a coxofemoral luxation in a pony using a modified toggle pin technique and prosthetic joint capsule reconstruction without osteotomy of the greater trochanter. Animal A 2-year-old Shetland pony with a bodyweight of 167 kg. Study design Case report. Methods Radiographic examination confirmed craniodorsal luxation of the left coxofemoral joint. An open reduction with the aid of a pulley system was performed. A toggle pin was inserted through a bone tunnel extending from the level of the femoral shaft through the femoral head and the center of the acetabulum for the pin to be positioned on the medial wall of the acetabulum. FiberWire was subsequently passed through the cranial and caudal aspects of the acetabulum as well as a transverse tunnel in the femoral neck in a figure of 8 to facilitate capsular reconstruction. The pony was placed in a sling for 8 weeks and gradually returned to normal activity over 2 months. Results Postoperative radiographic examination confirmed the position of the femoral head in the acetabulum with the implants in place. On 2-year follow-up the pony was sound at walk and trot. Conclusion A combined intra- and extra-articular stabilization technique for coxofemoral luxation in a pony resulted in successful long-term reduction and excellent outcome