El Martirio de Ariano y los Cuatro Protectores en un palimpsesto arameo cristiano palestinense inédito, Monasterio de Santa Catalina (Sinai, Arabic NF 66)

Among the New Finds in a storage chamber in St Catherine’s Monastery 1975 a number of Christian Palestinian Aramaic palimpsests came to light. Some of them feature martyr stories that have been rarely attested, and for one the Greek text witnesses are missing. Two fragments contain the martyrdom of Arianos and the Four Protectores.Entre los Nuevos Hallazgos en un almacén del Monasterio de Santa Catalina en 1975 vieron la luz una serie de palimpsestos arameos cristianos palestinenses. Algunos de ellos recogen historias de mártires rara vez atestiguadas, y en un caso los testimonios del texto griego están perdidos. Dos fragmentos contienen el martirio de Ariano y los Cuatro Protectores

Un testigo arameo cristiano-palestinense olvidado de la Dormición de María en el Codex Climaci Rescriptus (CCR IV)

The Codex Climaci Rescriptus (CCR IV) contains a neglected text witness of the Dormition of Mary from the five-book cycle or “palm narrative”. It is one of the very early transmissions of this apocryphal text in Christian Palestinian Aramaic (5th/6th century) agreeing in closeness with the very late Ethiopic version of the 18th century.El Codex Climaci Rescriptus (CCR IV) contiene un testigo textual ignorado de la Dormición de María del ciclo de los cinco libros o “narración de la palma”. Se trata de una de las primeras transmisiones de este texto apócrifo en arameo cristiano-palestinense (siglos V-VI) en estrecha relación con la versión etiópica tardía del siglo XVIII

Obsequies of My Lady Mary (II): A Fragmentary Syriac Palimpsest Manuscript from Deir al-Suryan (BL, Add 14.665, no. 2)

This Syriac palimpsest manuscript with four remaining folios bound with others into one volume runs under the shelf mark Add 14.665, no. 2 in the British Library. It displays a well-executed 5th century Estrangela. William Wright in his Contributions to the Apocryphal Literature of 1865 offered only readings of some scanty passages. The text has been neglected ever since. Preserved in it are sections of an early witness for the Obsequies of My Lady Mary in Syriac (S1) covering the final part of the second book, the beginning of book three, and central sections of book five with the apocryphal History of Peter and Paul according to the Ethiopic five-book cycle. The textual diversity is at times considerable in comparison to the other early transmissions in Greek and Christian Palestinian Aramaic, and the much later Ethiopic one. It has been the first Syriac source to attest the central term for the palm tradition ܬܘܠܣܐ ‘palm-shoot’. The new and additional readings intend to fill some lacunae in the only partially preserved transmission of the early Syriac translation of the Dormition of Mary from Upper Mesopotamia

The Role of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus in Developmental Dyslexia: Evidence From Multi-Modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The ability to read proficiently is key to social participation and an important premise for individual well-being and vocational success. Individuals with developmental dyslexia, a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting hundreds of millions of children and adults worldwide, face severe and persistent difficulties in attaining adequate reading levels. Despite years of extensive research efforts to elucidate the neurobiological origin of this disorder, its exact etiology remains unclear to date. In this context, most neuroimaging research on dyslexia in humans has focused on the cerebral cortex and has identified alterations in a distributed left-lateralized cortical language network. However, pioneering post-mortem human studies and animal models suggest that dyslexia might also be associated with alterations in subcortical sensory thalami and early sensory pathways. The largely cortico-centric view of dyslexia is due in part to considerable technical challenges in assessing the human sensory thalami non-invasively using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a result, the role that sensory thalami may play in dyslexia has been largely unaddressed. In this dissertation, I leveraged recent advances in high-field MRI to investigate the role of the human lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the visual thalamus in adults with dyslexia in-vivo. In three multi-modal high-field MRI studies, I show that (i) dyslexia is associated with structural alterations in the direct V1-bypassing white matter pathway connecting the LGN with cortical motion-sensitive area V5/MT in the left hemisphere; (ii) the connectivity strength of which predicts a core symptom of the disorder, i.e., rapid naming ability. I further demonstrate that (iii) the two major functional subdivisions of the LGN can be distinguished non-invasively based on differences in tissue microstructure; and that (iv) adults with dyslexia show functional response alterations specifically in the magnocellular subdivision of the LGN. I also demonstrate that this subdivision deficit (v) is more pronounced in male than female dyslexics; and (vi) predicts rapid naming ability in male dyslexics only. The results of this doctoral thesis are the first to confirm previous post-mortem evidence of LGN alterations in dyslexia in-vivo and point to their relevance to key symptoms of the disorder. In synergy, our research findings offer new perspectives on explanatory models of dyslexia and bear potential implications also for prospective treatment strategies.:Contribution Statement i Acknowledgments iii Abstract v Table of Contents vii 1 General Introduction 1 1.1 Developmental Dyslexia 1 1.1.1 Diagnostic Criteria 1 1.1.2 Prevalence and Etiology 2 1.1.3 Cognitive and Behavioral Symptoms 3 1.1.4 Explanatory Models in Cognitive Neuroscience 4 1.2 Lateral Geniculate Nucleus 7 1.2.1 Anatomy and Function 7 1.2.2 Technical Challenges in Conventional MRI 8 1.2.3 High-Field MRI 9 1.3 Research Aim and Chapter Outline 10 2 Altered Structural Connectivity of the Left Visual Thalamus in Developmental Dyslexia 13 2.1 Summary 14 2.2 Results and Discussion 15 2.3 Conclusions 22 2.4 Materials and Methods 23 2.4.1 Subject Details 23 2.4.2 High-Resolution MRI Acquisition and Preprocessing 23 2.4.3 Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Definition 24 2.4.4 Cortical Region of Interest Definition 26 2.4.5 Probabilistic Tractography 27 2.4.6 Quantification and Statistical Analysis 29 2.5 Supplementary Information 30 3 Mapping the Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and its Cytoarchitectonic Subdivisions Using Quantitative MRI 33 3.1 Abstract 34 3.2 Introduction 35 3.3 Materials and Methods 37 3.3.1 In-Vivo MRI 37 3.3.2 Post-Mortem MRI and Histology 41 3.4 Results 44 3.4.1 Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Subdivisions in In-Vivo MRI 44 3.4.2 Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Subdivisions in Post-Mortem MRI 46 3.5 Discussion 50 3.6 Supplementary Information 54 3.6.1 In-Vivo MRI 54 3.6.2 Post-Mortem MRI and Histology 58 3.6.3 Data and Code Availability 60 4 Dysfunction of the Visual Sensory Thalamus in Developmental Dyslexia 61 4.1 Abstract 62 4.2 Introduction 63 4.3 Materials and Methods 66 4.3.1 Subject Details 66 4.3.2 High-Resolution MRI Experiments 66 4.3.3 High-Resolution MRI Acquisition and Preprocessing 67 4.3.4 Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Definition 68 4.3.5 Quantification and Statistical Analysis 69 4.4 Results 70 4.5 Discussion 75 4.6 Supplementary Information 77 4.6.1 Supporting Methods 77 4.6.2 Supporting Results 81 4.6.3 Data and Code Availability 82 5 General Conclusion 83 5.1 Summary of Research Findings 83 5.2 Implications for Dyslexia Models 84 5.2.1 Phonological Deficit Hypothesis 84 5.2.2 Magnocellular Theory 84 5.2.3 Model According to Ramus 85 5.2.4 Need for Revised Model 86 5.3 Implications for Remediation 87 5.4 Research Prospects 88 5.5 Brief Concluding Remarks 90 6 Bibliography 91 7 List of Tables 113 8 List of Figures 115 9 Selbstständigkeitserklärung 11

An Overlooked Christian Palestinian Aramaic Witness of the “Dormition of Mary” in Codex Climaci Rescriptus (CCR IV)

The Codex Climaci Rescriptus(CCR IV) contains a neglected text witness of the Dormition of Maryfrom the five-book cycle or “palm narrative”. It is one of the very early transmissions of this apocryphal text in Christian Palestinian Aramaic agreeing in closeness with the very late Ethiopic one of the 18th century

Un palimpsesto fragmentario con un pasaje no atestiguado de Job 3,11c- 4,3b en arameo cristianopalestinense en Sinai, Greek NF MG 14

This palimpsest fragment with unattested passages of Job 3:11c4:3b in the Christian Palestinian Aramaic translation with Lucian readings has been preserved in a Greek codex registered as Sinai, Greek NF MG 14 in the Monastery of St Catherine. The biblical text is one of more than 160 palimpsests, which could be identified among the New Finds that were discovered in 1975 in a blocked-up chamber. With the help of the new technology of multispectral digital imaging it was possible to bring out the reading of the lower script for this Bible section. The unpublished text is edited here in transliteration and translation with commentaries on the variant witnesses.Este palimpsesto fragmentario con un pasaje no atestiguado de Job 3,11c-4,3b en traducción aramea cristiano-palestinense con lecturas de Luciano ha sido conservado en un códice griego catalogado como Sinai, Greek NF MG 14 en el monasterio de Santa Catalina. El texto bíblico es uno de los más de 160 palimpsestos, que pueden ser identificados entre los ―nuevos hallazgos‖ que fueron descubiertos en 1975 en una sala tapiada. Con la ayuda de las nuevas tecnologías multiespectrales de imagen digital ha sido posible leer la escritura inferior de esta sección bíblica. El texto inédito es editado aquí en transliteración y traducción, con comentarios sobre los testimonios de variantes

A Palimpsest Fragment with Unattested Passages of Job 3:11c-4:3b in Christian Palestinian Aramaic under Sinai, Greek NF MG 14

This palimpsest fragment with unattested passages of Job 3:11c-4:3b in the Christian Palestinian Aramaic translation has been preserved in a Greek codex registered as Sinai, Greek NF MG 14 in the Monastery of St Catherine. The biblical text is one of the more than 160 palimpsests, which could be identified among the New Finds that were discovered in 1975 in a blocked-up chamber. With the help of the new technology of multispectral digital imaging it was possible to bring out the reading of the lower script for this Bible section. The unpublished text is edited here in transliteration and translation with commentaries on the variant witnesses

Export of honeybee prepromelittin in Escherichia coli depends on the membrane potential but does not depend on proteins secA and secY

Honeybee prepromelittin (70 amino acid residues), the precursor of an eukaryotic secretory protein, and a hybrid protein between prepromelittin and mouse dihydrofolate reductase (257 amino acid residues) were expressed in Escherichia coli and characterized with respect to their requirements for transport across the plasma membrane. Both precursor proteins are posttranslationally processed and exported into the periplasm, and they both depend on the membrane potential for this to occur. With respect to dependence on components of the export machinery, however, the two precursor proteins show striking differences: the small precursor protein prepromelittin does not require the function of proteins secA and secY; the large precursor protein prepromelittin-dihydrofolate reductase, on the other hand, depends on both components. The implications of these observations with respect to the mechanisms of protein export in E. coli and of protein import into the endoplasmic reticulum are discussed

Rückblick in eine mögliche Zukunft

Ungewisse Zukunftsprognosen für die sich globalisierenden Märkte und Gesellschaften und das Scheitern der "großen Entwürfe" lenken den Blick zunehmend auf neue Akteure. Im Diskurs über zukunftsfähige Wege stehen Faktoren wie lokales Wissen und regional orientierte ökonomische Praktiken, die an historisch vergangene Vergesellschaftungsformen anknüpfen, hoch im Kurs. Inwieweit diese neue Impulse liefern können, wird am Beispiel der jüngeren Sozialgeschichte einer westfälischen Kleinstadt aufgezeigt