85 research outputs found
Cardioprotection Via Modulation of Calcium Homeostasis by Thiopental in Hypoxia-Reoxygenated Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes
PURPOSE: Ca(2+) homeostasis plays an important role in myocardial cell injury induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation, and prevention of intracellular Ca(2+) overload is key to cardioprotection. Even though thiopental is a frequently used anesthetic agent, little is known about its cardioprotective effects, particularly in association with Ca(2+) homeostasis. We investigated whether thiopental protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by regulating Ca(2+) homeostasis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to different concentrations of thiopental and immediately replaced in the hypoxic chamber to maintain hypoxia. After 1 hour of exposure, a culture dish was transferred to the CO(2) incubator and cells were incubated at 37 for 5 hours. At the end of the experiments, the authors assessed cell protection using immunoblot analysis and caspase activity. The mRNA of genes involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular Ca(2+) levels were examined.
RESULTS: In thiopental-treated cardiomyocytes, there was a decrease in expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax, caspase-3 activation, and intracellular Ca(2+) content. In addition, both enhancement of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and activation of Erk concerned with survival were shown. Furthermore, thiopental attenuated alterations of genes involving Ca(2+) regulation and significantly modulated abnormal changes of NCX and SERCA2a genes in hypoxia-reoxygenated neonatal cardiomyocytes. Thiopental suppressed disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation.
CONCLUSION: Thiopental is likely to modulate expression of genes that regulate Ca(2+) homeostasis, which reduces apoptotic cell death and results in cardioprotectionope
Bradykinin and adenosine receptors mediate desflurane induced postconditioning in human myocardium: role of reactive oxygen species
BACKGROUND:
Desflurane during early reperfusion has been shown to postcondition human myocardium, in vitro. We investigated the role of adenosine and bradykinin receptors, and generation of radical oxygen species in desflurane-induced postconditioning in human myocardium.
METHODS:
We recorded isometric contraction of human right atrial trabeculae hanged in an oxygenated Tyrode's solution (34 degrees Celsius, stimulation frequency 1 Hz). After a 30-min hypoxic period, desflurane 6% was administered during the first 5 min of reoxygenation. Desflurane was administered alone or with pretreatment of N-mercaptopropionylglycine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, 8-(p-Sulfophenyl)theophylline, an adenosine receptor antagonist, HOE140, a selective B2 bradykinin receptor antagonist. In separate groups, adenosine and bradykinin were administered during the first minutes of reoxygenation alone or in presence of N-mercaptopropionylglycine. The force of contraction of trabeculae was recorded continuously. Developed force at the end of a 60-min reoxygenation period was compared (mean +/- standard deviation) between the groups by a variance analysis and post hoc test.
RESULTS:
Desflurane 6% (84 +/- 6% of baseline) enhanced the recovery of force after 60-min of reoxygenation as compared to control group (51 +/- 8% of baseline, P < 0.0001). N-mercaptopropionylglycine (54 +/- 3% of baseline), 8-(p-Sulfophenyl)theophylline (62 +/- 9% of baseline), HOE140 (58 +/- 6% of baseline) abolished desflurane-induced postconditioning. Adenosine (80 +/- 9% of baseline) and bradykinin (83 +/- 4% of baseline) induced postconditioning (P < 0.0001 vs control), N-mercaptopropionylglycine abolished the beneficial effects of adenosine and bradykinin (54 +/- 8 and 58 +/- 5% of baseline, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS:
In vitro, desflurane-induced postconditioning depends on reactive oxygen species production, activation of adenosine and bradykinin B2 receptors. And, the cardioprotective effect of adenosine and bradykinin administered at the beginning of reoxygenation, was mediated, at least in part, through ROS production
APA&Co
A repository to allow the understanding, the reproduction, and finally the evaluation of the analytical pipeline implemented to get the results of the APA&Co project (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04732923)
Ăvaluation et comprĂ©hension des limitations fonctionnelles dans l'artĂ©riopathie oblitĂ©rante des membres infĂ©rieurs : validation du gĂ©o-positionnement par satellites pour lâĂ©tude de la dĂ©pense Ă©nergĂ©tique lors de la marche en extĂ©rieur & Ă©tude de lâeffet de la durĂ©e de rĂ©cupĂ©ration sur la capacitĂ© de marche
Lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a non-communicable disease that is associated with atherosclerosis and that leads, in most patients, to ischemia (mismatch between blood demand and blood supply) during exercise. Exercise-induced ischemia may lead to the occurrence of pain in the lower extremities during walking, thus limitingwalking capacity. Assessing walking capacity is an important step in the management of PAD patients. Thanks to the development of activity monitors such as global positioning system (GPS), it is possible to assess walking capacity under real-life conditions with measurements performed in outdoor settings. These GPS measurements have highlighted thefact that walking capacity seems variable and is likely to be influenced by the recovery duration between two symptoms-limited walks. However, this remains to be demonstrated in standardized conditions. Moreover, methodological advances are needed to standardize and express more adequately GPS data in order to better interpret walking capacity measurements. Therefore, the aim of the present thesis was two-fold: i) to validate a method for estimating walking energy expenditure (EE) in healthy subjects in outdoor setting, and that could be used in the future in PAD patients in order to compare walking capacity results obtained in outdoor setting; ii) to determine to which extent the duration of the recovery period that follows a first symptom-limited walk influences walking capacity measured during the subsequent walk in PADpatients. Our results show that GPS allows accurate estimations of walking EE in healthy subjects in outdoor setting and with various conditions of speed and grade. Moreover, our results clearly show that recovery duration influences walking capacity in PAD patients. The logarithmic shape of the relationship supports further analyses to determine a minimum recovery duration that could maximize patients walking capacity. This could have interesting implications for the development of new exercise walking programs in PAD and/or to help patients to better manage their pain during daily life.LâArtĂ©riopathie OblitĂ©rante des Membres InfĂ©rieurs (AOMI) est une maladie chronique grave, associĂ©e au processus dâathĂ©rosclĂ©rose, et qui se traduit chez la plupart des patients par une ischĂ©mie (apports sanguins insuffisants) Ă lâexercice.LâischĂ©mie dâexercice peut causer lâapparition de douleurs au niveau des membres infĂ©rieurs lors de la marche, limitant de fait la capacitĂ© de marche des patients. LâĂ©valuation de la capacitĂ© de marche occupe une place importante dans la prise en charge des patients. GrĂące au dĂ©veloppement de moniteurs dâactivitĂ© tels que le gĂ©o-positionnement par satellites (GPS), cette Ă©valuation peut ĂȘtre conduite en situation Ă©cologique de marche via des mesures rĂ©alisĂ©es en extĂ©rieur. Ces mesures GPS ont notamment permis de mettre en Ă©vidence une variabilitĂ© de la capacitĂ© de marche avec une influence probable de la durĂ©e de rĂ©cupĂ©ration entre deux marches symptĂŽmes-limitĂ©es. Ceci reste cependant Ă dĂ©montrer expĂ©rimentalement. Par ailleurs, mĂ©thodologiquement, il est nĂ©cessaire de pouvoir standardiser et exprimer de façon plusadĂ©quate les donnĂ©es GPS obtenues afin de juger de la capacitĂ© de marche des patients. Lâobjet du prĂ©sent travail de thĂšse Ă©tait par consĂ©quent double : i) valider une mĂ©thodologie pour estimer la dĂ©pense Ă©nergĂ©tique (DE) associĂ©e Ă la marche en extĂ©rieur chez le sujet sain et qui serait Ă terme applicable chez les patients avec AOMI pour pouvoir comparer les rĂ©sultats de capacitĂ© de marche obtenus par mesure GPS ; ii) dĂ©terminer dans quelle mesure la durĂ©e de rĂ©cupĂ©ration suite Ă une marche symptĂŽmes-limitĂ©e influence la capacitĂ© de marche des patients lors de la marche subsĂ©quente. Les rĂ©sultats des travaux de recherche qui ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©s dans le cadre de cette thĂšse montrent que le GPS permet une estimation relativement prĂ©cise de la DE en extĂ©rieur chez le sujet sain en conditions de vitesse et de pente variĂ©es. De plus, nos rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence que la durĂ©e de rĂ©cupĂ©ration faisant suite Ă une marche symptĂŽmes-limitĂ©e influence clairement la capacitĂ© de marche des patients. La nature logarithmique de la relation permet dâenvisager Ă moyen terme lâidentification dâune durĂ©e minimale de rĂ©cupĂ©ration Ă partir de laquelle les patients pourraient maximiser leur capacitĂ© de marche. Des perspectives intĂ©ressantes pourraient alors ĂȘtre envisagĂ©es dans le rĂ©entraĂźnement Ă lâeffort des patients et/ou pour les aider Ă mieux gĂ©rer leurs douleurs au quotidien
Evaluation and understanding of the functional limitations in the arteriopathy oblitérante lower limbs : validation of geography-positioning by satellites for the study of the energy expenditure during the walking
LâArtĂ©riopathie OblitĂ©rante des Membres InfĂ©rieurs (AOMI) est une maladie chronique grave, associĂ©e au processus dâathĂ©rosclĂ©rose, et qui se traduit chez la plupart des patients par une ischĂ©mie (apports sanguins insuffisants) Ă lâexercice.LâischĂ©mie dâexercice peut causer lâapparition de douleurs au niveau des membres infĂ©rieurs lors de la marche, limitant de fait la capacitĂ© de marche des patients. LâĂ©valuation de la capacitĂ© de marche occupe une place importante dans la prise en charge des patients. GrĂące au dĂ©veloppement de moniteurs dâactivitĂ© tels que le gĂ©o-positionnement par satellites (GPS), cette Ă©valuation peut ĂȘtre conduite en situation Ă©cologique de marche via des mesures rĂ©alisĂ©es en extĂ©rieur. Ces mesures GPS ont notamment permis de mettre en Ă©vidence une variabilitĂ© de la capacitĂ© de marche avec une influence probable de la durĂ©e de rĂ©cupĂ©ration entre deux marches symptĂŽmes-limitĂ©es. Ceci reste cependant Ă dĂ©montrer expĂ©rimentalement. Par ailleurs, mĂ©thodologiquement, il est nĂ©cessaire de pouvoir standardiser et exprimer de façon plusadĂ©quate les donnĂ©es GPS obtenues afin de juger de la capacitĂ© de marche des patients. Lâobjet du prĂ©sent travail de thĂšse Ă©tait par consĂ©quent double : i) valider une mĂ©thodologie pour estimer la dĂ©pense Ă©nergĂ©tique (DE) associĂ©e Ă la marche en extĂ©rieur chez le sujet sain et qui serait Ă terme applicable chez les patients avec AOMI pour pouvoir comparer les rĂ©sultats de capacitĂ© de marche obtenus par mesure GPS ; ii) dĂ©terminer dans quelle mesure la durĂ©e de rĂ©cupĂ©ration suite Ă une marche symptĂŽmes-limitĂ©e influence la capacitĂ© de marche des patients lors de la marche subsĂ©quente. Les rĂ©sultats des travaux de recherche qui ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©s dans le cadre de cette thĂšse montrent que le GPS permet une estimation relativement prĂ©cise de la DE en extĂ©rieur chez le sujet sain en conditions de vitesse et de pente variĂ©es. De plus, nos rĂ©sultats mettent en Ă©vidence que la durĂ©e de rĂ©cupĂ©ration faisant suite Ă une marche symptĂŽmes-limitĂ©e influence clairement la capacitĂ© de marche des patients. La nature logarithmique de la relation permet dâenvisager Ă moyen terme lâidentification dâune durĂ©e minimale de rĂ©cupĂ©ration Ă partir de laquelle les patients pourraient maximiser leur capacitĂ© de marche. Des perspectives intĂ©ressantes pourraient alors ĂȘtre envisagĂ©es dans le rĂ©entraĂźnement Ă lâeffort des patients et/ou pour les aider Ă mieux gĂ©rer leurs douleurs au quotidien.Lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a non-communicable disease that is associated with atherosclerosis and that leads, in most patients, to ischemia (mismatch between blood demand and blood supply) during exercise. Exercise-induced ischemia may lead to the occurrence of pain in the lower extremities during walking, thus limitingwalking capacity. Assessing walking capacity is an important step in the management of PAD patients. Thanks to the development of activity monitors such as global positioning system (GPS), it is possible to assess walking capacity under real-life conditions with measurements performed in outdoor settings. These GPS measurements have highlighted thefact that walking capacity seems variable and is likely to be influenced by the recovery duration between two symptoms-limited walks. However, this remains to be demonstrated in standardized conditions. Moreover, methodological advances are needed to standardize and express more adequately GPS data in order to better interpret walking capacity measurements. Therefore, the aim of the present thesis was two-fold: i) to validate a method for estimating walking energy expenditure (EE) in healthy subjects in outdoor setting, and that could be used in the future in PAD patients in order to compare walking capacity results obtained in outdoor setting; ii) to determine to which extent the duration of the recovery period that follows a first symptom-limited walk influences walking capacity measured during the subsequent walk in PADpatients. Our results show that GPS allows accurate estimations of walking EE in healthy subjects in outdoor setting and with various conditions of speed and grade. Moreover, our results clearly show that recovery duration influences walking capacity in PAD patients. The logarithmic shape of the relationship supports further analyses to determine a minimum recovery duration that could maximize patients walking capacity. This could have interesting implications for the development of new exercise walking programs in PAD and/or to help patients to better manage their pain during daily life
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