Uso de las plantas medicinales por las mujeres negras: estudio etnográfico en una comunidad de bajos ingresos

Objetivo Explorar crenças, valores e práticas relativas ao uso das plantas medicinais entre famílias negras de baixa renda. Método Pesquisa etnográfica cujo processo de observação participante foi desenvolvido em uma comunidade de baixa renda da periferia da Cidade de São Paulo. Vinte mulheres negras foram entrevistadas. Resultados Dois subtemas culturais, Uso remédios que aprendi a fazer com minha mãe e com os religiosos para cuidar das doenças e Remédios caseiros servem para resolver problemas que não são graves, e o tema cultural Uso remédio caseiro para resolver doenças simples, pois tenho sempre que preciso, é de graça e não precisa de receita médica representam as crenças, valores e práticas relativos ao uso das plantas medicinais entre famílias negras de baixa renda. Conclusão O desenvolvimento dessas práticas, que pode estar mascarando vulnerabilidades étnicas e sociais, revela a resiliência das mulheres negras de baixa renda no enfrentamento dos problemas que encontram no processo saúde-enfermidade.Objetivo Explorar las creencias, valores y prácticas sobre el uso de las plantas medicinales entre las familias negras de bajos ingresos. Método El método de investigación fue la etnografía y el proceso de observación participante fue desarrollado en una comunidad de bajos ingresos en las afueras de la Ciudad de São Paulo. Se entrevistó a veinte mujeres negras. Resultados Dos subtemas culturales Uso remedios que aprendí a hacer con mi madre y con los religiosos para cuidar de enfermedades y Remedios caseros se utilizan para resolver problemas que no son graves y el tema cultural Uso remedio casero para resolver enfermedades simples porque tengo todo lo que necesito, es gratuito y no necesita una receta médica simbolizam las prácticas de las mujeres. Conclusión Estas prácticas, que pueden estar enmascarando vulnerabilidades étnicas y sociales, ponen de manifiesto la resiliencia de las mujeres negras de bajos ingresos en el confrontamiento de los problemas del proceso salud-enfermedad.Objective To explore beliefs, values and practices related to the use of medicinal plants among low-income black families. Method The research method was ethnography and the participant observation process was done in a low-income community in the peripheral area of the City of São Paulo. Twenty black women were interviewed. Results Two cultural sub-themes, I do use medicines that I learned to make with my mother and with religious practitioners to care for diseases and Home medicines are to treat problems that are not serious, and the cultural theme I do use home medicines to treat simple diseases because I always have them at my disposal, they are free and I don’t need a medical prescription represent beliefs, values, and practices related to the use of medicinal plants among low-income black families. Conclusion The development of such practices, which can hide ethnic and social vulnerability, reveals the resilience of low-income black women in the process of confronting problems during the health-illness process

Perfil da mortalidade infantil em Petrolina (PE) entre os anos de 1994 a 2005

Infant mortality is a public health problem that has experienced reductions in recent years in Brazil, due to better conditions of life and investments to promote maternal and child health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of infant mortality in Petrolina-PE, between the years 1994 to 2005. There has been research that are descriptive and quantitative, using indicators of live births and infant mortality, describing the profile of infant mortality in Petrolina. We applied the system DATASUS for data collection, and the income was through graphs and tables. In the data analysis, we observed that, in Petrolina over the 12 years studied was an average of 25 infant deaths per thousand live births. In an attempt to minimize the mortality public health policies need to be more effective actions, with focus to education in maternal and child health, and invest in the achievement of pre-natal to better quality.A mortalidade infantil é um problema de saúde pública que vem sofrendo reduções nos últimos anos no Brasil, devido às melhores condições de vida da população e investimentos de promoção à saúde materno-infantil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil da mortalidade infantil em Petrolina (PE), entre os anos de 1994 a 2005. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo e quantitativo, utilizando-se os indicadores de nascidos vivos e mortalidade infantil e descrevendo-se o perfil da mortalidade infantil em Petrolina. Empregou-se o sistema DATASUS para a coleta de dados, e a demonstração dos resultados ocorreu através de gráficos e tabelas. Na análise dos dados, observou-se que, em Petrolina, durante os 12 anos estudados, ocorreu uma média de 25 mortes infantis por mil nascidos vivos. Na tentativa de minimizar a mortalidade infantil, as políticas públicas de saúde necessitam de ações mais efetivas, com enfoque para a educação em saúde materno-infantil, além de investimentos na realização de um pré-natal de melhor qualidade

Use of medicinal plants by black women: ethnography study in a low-income community

Objective To explore beliefs, values and practices related to the use of medicinal plants among low-income black families. Method The research method was ethnography and the participant observation process was done in a low-income community in the peripheral area of the City of São Paulo. Twenty black women were interviewed. Results Two cultural sub-themes, I do use medicines that I learned to make with my mother and with religious practitioners to care for diseases and Home medicines are to treat problems that are not serious, and the cultural theme I do use home medicines to treat simple diseases because I always have them at my disposal, they are free and I don’t need a medical prescription represent beliefs, values, and practices related to the use of medicinal plants among low-income black families. Conclusion The development of such practices, which can hide ethnic and social vulnerability, reveals the resilience of low-income black women in the process of confronting problems during the health-illness process

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Use of medicinal plants by black women: ethnography study in a low-income community

Objective To explore beliefs, values and practices related to the use of medicinal plants among low-income black families. Method The research method was ethnography and the participant observation process was done in a low-income community in the peripheral area of the City of São Paulo. Twenty black women were interviewed. Results Two cultural sub-themes, I do use medicines that I learned to make with my mother and with religious practitioners to care for diseases and Home medicines are to treat problems that are not serious, and the cultural theme I do use home medicines to treat simple diseases because I always have them at my disposal, they are free and I don’t need a medical prescription represent beliefs, values, and practices related to the use of medicinal plants among low-income black families. Conclusion The development of such practices, which can hide ethnic and social vulnerability, reveals the resilience of low-income black women in the process of confronting problems during the health-illness process

Análise espacial dos homicídios intencionais em João Pessoa, Paraíba, 2011-2016

Resumo Objetivo: descrever padrões espaciais dos homicídios intencionais em João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, 2011-2016. Métodos: estudo ecológico, tendo o setor censitário como unidade de referência; utilizaram-se dados dos homicídios dolosos das vítimas residentes no município, mediante o cruzamento das informações do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade SIM e da Segurança Pública; calcularam-se coeficientes de mortalidade para todo o período e seus triênios, posteriormente suavizados pelo método bayesiano empírico local; utilizaram-se técnicas de autocorrelação espacial dos coeficientes, suavizados por meio da estatística espacial de Moran. Resultados: detectou-se autocorrelação espacial significativa no período total I=0,679; p=0,01, 1º triênio I=0,508; p=0,01 e 2º triênio I=0,572; p=0,01; identificaram-se áreas de maior risco distribuídas pelas zonas oeste, noroeste, sudeste e extremo sul, prioritariamente em regiões de baixas condições socioeconômicas; setores de baixos coeficientes situaram-se em áreas de padrão socioeconômico médio/alto. Conclusão: homicídios em João Pessoa foram elevados em locais de pobreza, constituindo áreas prioritárias de intervenção

Percepção das puérperas sobre seu período pós-parto

Objetivo: Identificar as percepções das puérperas sobre seu período pós-parto. Método: Estudo exploratório e descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa realizado com 10 mulheres adstritas na Estratégia Saúde da Família de Lagoa dos Cavalos, Macaíba/RN, Brasil, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, entre 10 e 45 dias pós-parto e apresentar condições físicas e emocionais no momento da pesquisa, ou seja, estavam saudáveis, relaxadas e lúcidas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, organizados conforme a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin. Procedeu-se com a transcrição das falas, leituras exaustivas, identificação das unidades de registro, codificação e categorização conforme a semântica. Esse processo originou uma categoria central: aspectos desfavoráveis ao bem-estar da mulher durante o puerpério e duas subcategorias: mitos e tabus relativos aos cuidados puerperais e, desconfortos no período puerperal. Foi feita a análise e discussão com base na literatura pertinente. Resultados: As entrevistadas perceberam nessa nova fase alguns sentimentos que foram considerados adversos, gerando aspectos desfavoráveis ao bem-estar da puérpera. Conclusão: Acredita-se que com os resultados obteve-se subsídios que favorecerão o planejamento das ações de enfermagem direcionados a melhoria da qualidade da assistência à puérpera na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Faz-se necessário, também, o apoio dos familiares e amigos, bem como a assistência qualificada de profissionais de saúde, para lidar com as alterações emocionais negativas advindas da maternidade no que se refere ao pós-parto.Objective: To describe the perception of puerperal women about their postpartum period. Method: This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, performed with nine women enrolled in the Family Health Strategy of Lagoa dos Cavalos, Macaíba/RN, Brazil. They were aged 18 or over, between 10 and 45 days postpartum, and had physical and emotional conditions at the time of the research, i. e., they were healthy, relaxed and lucid. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and organized according to the Content Analysis Technique to Bardin. It proceeded with a transcript of the speech, extensive reading, identification of reporting units, coding and categorization as semantics. This process led to a central category: unfavorable aspects to the well-being of women during the postpartum period and two subcategories: myths and taboos related to postpartum care and discomfort in the puerperal period. analysis and discussion based on the literature was made. Results: The respondents realized this new phase some feelings that were considered adverse, generating unfavorable aspects to the welfare of puerperal women. Conclusion: It is believed that with the results we obtained subsidies that encourage the planning of nursing actions aimed at improving the quality of care for postpartum women in the Family Health Strategy. It is necessary also, the support of family and friends, as well as quality care health professionals to deal with negative emotional changes resulting motherhood with regard to postpartum.Objetivo: Identificar las percepciones de las madres acerca de su periodo postparto. Método: Estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo realizado con 10 mujeres adscritas a la Estrategia Salud de la Familia de Lagoa dos Cavalos, Macaíba, Brasil. Mujeres de 18 años de edad o más, entre 10 y 45 días después del parto, con adecuadas condiciones físicas y emocionales. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y organizados conforme a la técnica de análisis de contenido, de Bardin. Este proceso dio lugar a una categoría central: aspectos desfavorables para el bienestar de las mujeres durante el puerperio. Además de dos subcategorías: mitos y tabúes relacionados con la atención puerperal y malestares durante el puerperio. Resultados: En esta nueva fase, las entrevistadas percibieron algunos sentimientos que fueron considerados adversos y que generaron aspectos desfavorables para el bienestar de la madre. Conclusión: Se cree que los resultados de este estudio han proporcionado información que podrán favorecer la planificación de las acciones de enfermería dirigidas a mejorar la calidad de la atención a la madre en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. También es necesario que haya el apoyo de los familiares y amigos, así como una atención calificada por parte de los profesionales de salud, para hacer frente a los cambios emocionales negativos resultantes de la maternidad en lo que atañe al posparto

Facilitators and strategies to implement clinical pharmacy services in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil: a qualitative approach

Abstract Background Clinical Pharmacy Services (CPS) are a reality in many health systems around the world. However, there are few studies that discuss the facilitators and the strategies to implement CPS in healthcare systems. In this way, the objective of this study was to identify the facilitators and strategies involved in the CPS implementation process in some public health units in a metropolis in the Northeast Brazil. Methods A qualitative study was carried out with health-system pharmacists and managers who experienced the implementation of CPS. Therefore, focus groups were conducted with pharmacists, and the interviews with the managers. The discussions were carried out through semi-structured scripts and were recorded in audio and videos, after the signature of the consent form. The recordings were transcribed and analyzed independently through content analysis, followed by consensus meetings between researchers. Results Two focus groups were conducted, with an average of seven pharmacists per group, and five interviews with local health managers. Participants reported 39 facilitators who were related to the categories: local healthcare network, healthcare team, pharmacists and implementation process of the CPS. And 21 strategies attributed to the following categories: local healthcare network, pharmacists and implementation process of the CPS. Conclusions This study identified facilitators and strategies of the implementation of CPS. Most of the positive experiences were related to the clinical skills and proactive attitudes of pharmacists. These findings may support pharmacists and health managers to implement CPS in health systems

Perceived barriers to the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil.

BACKGROUND:CLinical pharmacy services (CPS) are professional services provided by pharmacists, who use their skills and knowledge to take an active role in patient health. These services have expanded in health systems around the world. However, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of factors that may hinder the implementation of CPS in health systems. OBJECTIVE:To identify pharmacists' and managers' perceptions of barriers regarding the implementation of CPS in some public health units in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil. METHODS:This is a qualitative study based on focus groups and semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews. Participants were health-system pharmacists and managers, selected based on their direct participation in the implementation process. Focus groups were carried out with the pharmacists, and interviews were carried out with managers. The audio and videos were transcribed verbatim in full, and were independently analyzed using content analysis. This study was approved by the Brazilian Committee of Ethics in Research and all participants signed informed consent forms. FINDINGS:There were two focus groups and five interviews. The discussions generated 240 minutes of recordings. The health-system pharmacists and managers expressed barriers were allocated into five categories to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the implementation of CPS; these barriers were related to: the local healthcare networks, the healthcare team, the pharmacists, the implementation process, and the patients. CONCLUSIONS:This study revealed the perceptions of barriers associated with the participants involved in the implementation of CPS in some public health units in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil. The barriers reflect the challenges to be overcome in the CPS implementation process in the health systems