Researches regarding the influence of the sowing epoch and climatic conditions on the biology of the species, herb and seed yields at Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldavian dragonhead) in A.R.D.S. Secuieni

The paper aims to highlight the influence of climatic conditions and the optimal sowing epoch on species biology and herb and seed yields at Dracocephalum moldavica L. (moldavian dragonhead). The research was carried out in 2017, in the experimental field of A.R.D.S. Secuieni. Due to the higher temperatures in the epoch II, the sown plants had a faster evolution. From sowing to seed harvesting it was necessary 131 days, the sum of the thermal degrees was 2293.3 °C and 242.2 mm precipitations. Under the conditions of S.C.D.A. at epoch II and III, there was a decrease decrease at herb and seed yields compared to the control of the experience sowing at the end of March - early April. Compared with the control variant (epoch I), where the seeds production was 635.33 kg/ ha, at epoch III of sowing there was a loss of production of 21% representing 131.66 kg/ ha

Research regarding the influence of genotype and epoch of sowing on seeds yield at Ricinus communis L. (castor) in the pedoclimatic conditions from the Central of Moldova

The researches were organized in 2018-2019 at the Moldoveni Agricultural Society, Neamt County. In the agricultural year 2018, the genotypes experienced did not show a high adaptability to the pedoclimatic conditions of the area, obtaining yields below 1500 kg/ha. Compared to 2018, the yields obtained in 2019 were higher, this was due to the excess of precipitation registered in May of approximately 30 mm. The yields varied between 1297 kg/ha (Teleorman variety) and 1548 kg/ha (Cristian variety). During in the period under study, the highest yield increases (38 kg/ha, respectively 127 kg/ha), compared to the control (average experience) were obtained for the variants sown in the first and second epochs, which results that the castor being favorable for sowing until the second half of April

The study of some quantitative characters to groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the M2 mutagen generation

Arachis hypogaea L. belongs the Fabaceae family, native to South America origine and has 2n=40 chromosomes genom (Marin Ș., 2011). The seeds from three varieties (Tâmburești, Jelud și Braziliene negre) and lines L9184 of peanuts were treated with three chemical mutagens agents, like: ethyl methane sulfonate, dimethyl sulfate and sodium azide. Ethyl methane sulfonate and dimethyl sulfate concentration were 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% and sodium azide concentration was 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06% and 0.08%, each concentration having six hours for action time. The harvested plants were M1 generation each plants seeds being sown in the following year, resulting the M2 generation. We made biometric measurements for all the lines regarding the characters: the number of pods/plant, the number of grains from pods and the weight of grains/plant. By selection, in M2 generation can be identified and selected those useful mutans and plants with valuable traits, mutations being found in homozygous state. In the selection and plant breeding of economically important crops, the first step is to obtain a highly diverse biological material and to induce large individual variability amplitude. In the M2 generation was made a selection based on biometric determinations in all work variants. A special attention has been paid to the criteria selection based on the phenotypic aspects and productivity of the plants from working variants, for this purpose were made observations in the field, in several phenophases. In the M2 generation, for the treated variants, the number of pods per plant was reduced following the mutagen treatments. Excepting the Tâmburești variety, for the other varieties the average weight of beans per plant recorded positive differences compared to the untreated control for all the three mutagens

Research regarding the influence of genotype x epoch of sowing x distance between rows on seeds yield at Ricinus communis L. (castor bean)

The researches were organized in 2018-2019 at the Moldoveni Agricultural Society, Neamt County. Analyzing the influence of the distance between rows at castor bean, it results that at greater distances yield deficits are obtained, so when the plant nutrition area is increased, the branching is stronger and the yield obtained from the main raceme decreases, increasing instead the production of secondary racemes. The results obtained on average over the two years of experimentation show us that the highest production was obtained for the variant sown at 70 cm between rows (1460 kg / ha), which indicates that castor bean responds favorably at this distance. The average productions obtained in the analyzed period were directly influenced by the experienced technological factors. These varied in limits between 1036 kg / ha (Rivlas x the fourth epoch x 100 cm between rows) to 1650 kg / ha (Christian x the second epoch x 70 cm between rows)

Researches regarding the influence of the technological factors on the biology of the species and seed yields at Carthamus tinctorius L. In A.R.D.S. Secuieni

The paper aims to highlight the influence of technological factors on the biology of the species and seed production at Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower). The research were carried out in 2019, in the experimental field of A.R.D.S. Secuieni. Due to the higher temperatures from the third epoch and the precipitations recorded in the sowing to emergence period, the plants had a faster evolution. It was necessary 117 days from sowing to harvesting the seeds, the sum of the accumulated temperatures was 2241.9 ° C and the precipitation amounted to 230.7 mm. Under the conditions of A.R.D.S. Secuieni, at the first sowing epoch, there was an increase in production of 156 kg/ha compared to the control of the experience. The interaction of the studied factors influenced the seed production, obtaining the highest seed production at the sown variant at 70 cm between rows and 25 cm between plants per row (1688 kg/ha)

The behavior of some soybean varieties in the pedoclimatic conditions from the Center of Moldavia

Soybeans is an important source of protein because the amount of protein in a hectare of soybeans is higher than in any other crop. It has a wide range of uses, and it can be used in many areas: for food production, for food and as fuel. Considering the growing interest, in recent years, for this crop, at the ARDS Secuieni a number of ten soybean varieties have been experimented, Carla TD, Larisa, Caro TD, Ilinca TD, Bia TD, Ada TD, Teo TD, Miruna TD, Felicia TD, Onix, creations of the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, in order to establish their adaptability to the pedoclimatic conditions of the area. On average, the factors studied greatly influenced soybean production, which varied widely, from 2687 kg/ha, to Felicia TD variety to 3409 kg/ha to Larisa variety. Regarding the correlation between soybean production and the protein production obtained, it is observed that there is a direct correlation, the correlation coefficients calculated being statistically assured and interpreted as very significant

Researches regarding the influence of fertilization on grains yield and quality at Sorghum bicolor L. in the pedoclimatic conditions from the Center of Moldova

Crop fertilization has beneficial effects on the productivity of sorghum crops although the species does not have high demands on it. This is explained by the fact that the root system of sorghum is well developed and manages to extract nutrients from the soil. Previous experiments show that mineral fertilizers contribute to the production increase with 40%. Under A.R.D.S. Secuieni pedoclimatic conditions, for a five years period (2013 – 2017) the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the soil production and quality was studied, and the conclusion was that sorghum reacts well to the fertilization with these fertilizers. Significant production increases have been achieved in the variants fertilized with doses starting from 80 kg a.s./ha of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the maximum level was recorded in the variant fertilized with 120 kg a.s./ha of nitrogen and phosphorus. Of the five years of experimentation, the most favorable for sorghum crop was 2013, a year characterized as very warm. This year's average production was high and reached 7397 kg/ha. In each of the five years of experimentation, the maximum yield was achieved in the variants fertilized with 120 kg/ha and its variation ranged between 5506 kg/ha (2015) and 7397 kg/ha (2013). The minimum yield level was recorded each year in the non-fertilized variants, ranging from 3842 kg/ha (2014) to 4517 kg/ha (2017). The highest production increase per 1 kg of active substance fertilizer was obtained each year in the variants fertilized with 40 kg a.s./ha of nitrogen and phosphorus. The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization has also influenced the grain quality, which had a positive influence on the protein content and a negative influence on the starch content

The influence of different conventional and conservative tillage systems on qualitative indicators of the seedbed for winter oil seed rape

Rapeseed crop has a very important role in world economy, being the third largest source of vegetable oil after palm and soybeans. It is very sensitive to soil compaction, because root growth, water and nutrient absorption are achieved with difficulty. The seedbed preparation ensures the lumps shredding, weed control, land leveling, introduction of fertilizers in soil and, essentially, creating a layer of loose soil, favorable for seed germination. The last tillage done before sowing has direct effects on the quality and quantity of the yield. The tillage activities by their nature must modify soil properties towards biological plant requirements without damaging its physical condition. The qualitative indices determined for the seedbed preparation are average depth of soil mobilization (Da), soil crumbling degree (Dsc), soil loosening degree (Dsl), soil leveling degree (Dls) and weed control degree (Dwc). The paper present the effect of soil tillage on seedbed qualitative indices for the rapeseed crop. The experiments were carried out at the Research and Development Agricultural Station, Secuieni, Neamt County, between 2012 and 2014. The results show that different tillage systems influenced the quality of the seedbed, with higher values for the conventional Plough+Combigerm variant and lower for the minimum tillage one, Disc+Vibromix

The effect of different tillage system on soil bulk density for the winter wheat crop at R.D.A.S. Secuieni

Climatic evolution from Romania, with trend toward heating and aridity, requires the application of new tillage variants, which ensure both soil fertility conservation and high yields. Winter wheat is a very important crop, but the more frequent droughts from August-September, determine great difficulties for seedbed preparation and good sowing. One of the most used indices for physical state characterization, with direct influence on soil air and water permeability, plant root development and microbiological processes is bulk density (BD). In order to emphasize the effect of conventional and conservative tillage on soil compaction degree, expressed by BD values, undisturbed samples were collected on 0-30 cm depth, from 10 to 10 cm, at sowing, during vegetation and at harvest of the winter wheat crop. The highest values were recorded for HDH 3.85+Vibromix and HDH 3.85+VRH and the lowest for the Plow+Combigerm variant

The influence of the nutrition space on the herb and seed yields at Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), in A.R.D.S. Secuieni pedoclimatic conditions

The Dracocephalum moldavica (L.) species, known under the popular name of moldavian dragonhead, is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry due to its high content in active principles. To ensure the necessary of raw material at A.R.D.S. Secuieni are conducted researches regarding the development of the cultivation technology for its introduction into culture and extension in agriculture. In the conditions of 2015 – 2016 agricultural year, due to the observations made, it was found that the fresh herba, dry herba and seed yields were positively influenced by the distance between the rows (average factor A), but also by the distance between plants per row (average factor B). The obtained data have showed that the highest average yields of fresh herba (34063,33 kg/ha), dry herba (9313,33 kg/ha) and seeds (1069 kg/ha) were obtained at the a1xb1 interaction sown at 25 cm between rows and in continuous row (control variant). In the experience with the nutrition space, it was found that, the plants harvested for herba had a vegetation period of 109 days requiring 1877,9 oC and 325,2 mm of rainfall, and the plants harvested for seed developed in 137 days, the sum of accumulated temperatures being of 2492,1 o C and of rainfall of 355 mm