Research regarding the influence of genotype and epoch of sowing on seeds yield at Ricinus communis L. (castor) in the pedoclimatic conditions from the Central of Moldova

The researches were organized in 2018-2019 at the Moldoveni Agricultural Society, Neamt County. In the agricultural year 2018, the genotypes experienced did not show a high adaptability to the pedoclimatic conditions of the area, obtaining yields below 1500 kg/ha. Compared to 2018, the yields obtained in 2019 were higher, this was due to the excess of precipitation registered in May of approximately 30 mm. The yields varied between 1297 kg/ha (Teleorman variety) and 1548 kg/ha (Cristian variety). During in the period under study, the highest yield increases (38 kg/ha, respectively 127 kg/ha), compared to the control (average experience) were obtained for the variants sown in the first and second epochs, which results that the castor being favorable for sowing until the second half of April

The study of some quantitative characters to groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the M2 mutagen generation

Arachis hypogaea L. belongs the Fabaceae family, native to South America origine and has 2n=40 chromosomes genom (Marin Ș., 2011). The seeds from three varieties (Tâmburești, Jelud și Braziliene negre) and lines L9184 of peanuts were treated with three chemical mutagens agents, like: ethyl methane sulfonate, dimethyl sulfate and sodium azide. Ethyl methane sulfonate and dimethyl sulfate concentration were 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% and sodium azide concentration was 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06% and 0.08%, each concentration having six hours for action time. The harvested plants were M1 generation each plants seeds being sown in the following year, resulting the M2 generation. We made biometric measurements for all the lines regarding the characters: the number of pods/plant, the number of grains from pods and the weight of grains/plant. By selection, in M2 generation can be identified and selected those useful mutans and plants with valuable traits, mutations being found in homozygous state. In the selection and plant breeding of economically important crops, the first step is to obtain a highly diverse biological material and to induce large individual variability amplitude. In the M2 generation was made a selection based on biometric determinations in all work variants. A special attention has been paid to the criteria selection based on the phenotypic aspects and productivity of the plants from working variants, for this purpose were made observations in the field, in several phenophases. In the M2 generation, for the treated variants, the number of pods per plant was reduced following the mutagen treatments. Excepting the Tâmburești variety, for the other varieties the average weight of beans per plant recorded positive differences compared to the untreated control for all the three mutagens

Research regarding the influence of genotype x epoch of sowing x distance between rows on seeds yield at Ricinus communis L. (castor bean)

The researches were organized in 2018-2019 at the Moldoveni Agricultural Society, Neamt County. Analyzing the influence of the distance between rows at castor bean, it results that at greater distances yield deficits are obtained, so when the plant nutrition area is increased, the branching is stronger and the yield obtained from the main raceme decreases, increasing instead the production of secondary racemes. The results obtained on average over the two years of experimentation show us that the highest production was obtained for the variant sown at 70 cm between rows (1460 kg / ha), which indicates that castor bean responds favorably at this distance. The average productions obtained in the analyzed period were directly influenced by the experienced technological factors. These varied in limits between 1036 kg / ha (Rivlas x the fourth epoch x 100 cm between rows) to 1650 kg / ha (Christian x the second epoch x 70 cm between rows)

Researches regarding the influence of the technological factors on the biology of the species and seed yields at Carthamus tinctorius L. In A.R.D.S. Secuieni

The paper aims to highlight the influence of technological factors on the biology of the species and seed production at Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower). The research were carried out in 2019, in the experimental field of A.R.D.S. Secuieni. Due to the higher temperatures from the third epoch and the precipitations recorded in the sowing to emergence period, the plants had a faster evolution. It was necessary 117 days from sowing to harvesting the seeds, the sum of the accumulated temperatures was 2241.9 ° C and the precipitation amounted to 230.7 mm. Under the conditions of A.R.D.S. Secuieni, at the first sowing epoch, there was an increase in production of 156 kg/ha compared to the control of the experience. The interaction of the studied factors influenced the seed production, obtaining the highest seed production at the sown variant at 70 cm between rows and 25 cm between plants per row (1688 kg/ha)