Optimización de sistemas de prevención de riesgos laborales en entornos de trabajo conectados e inteligentes. Aplicación a la construcción 4.0

Los programas de Horizonte 2020 y el conjunto de líneas de investigación propuestas internacionalmente relacionadas con la Cuarta Revolución Industrial o Industria 4.0, reflejan el interés y necesidad de ampliar el alcance de la gestión de los riesgos ocupacionales en los sistemas productivos desde el punto de vista de la digitalización y automatización para asegurar la protección integral del trabajador. Partiendo de esta situación, y teniendo en cuenta el auge que en los últimos años está teniendo la Industria 4.0 a través del inicio de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial en todos los sectores de actividad, habría que plantearse (1) cuáles son los facilitadores tecnológicos y digitales más idóneos para alcanzar la automatización y digitalización fomentada para el alcance de los sistemas de construcción inteligentes (Construcción 4.0), (2) cómo conseguir una integración eficiente entre tecnología y trabajador (productos inteligentes, wearables) y (3) la forma de configurar dicha integración, como solución al rápido aumento de la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías, sistemas TIC y digitalización. En este contexto se desarrolla el presente artículo: teniendo en cuenta que el diseño actual de los dispositivos inteligentes aún no está adaptado a entornos ocupacionales y considerando los nuevos retos para la construcción 4.0.The Horizon 2020 programs and the set of internationally proposed research lines related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 reflect the interest and need to broaden the scope of the management of occupational risks in the production systems from the point of view of digitization and automation to ensure the full protection of the worker. Starting from this situation, and taking into account the boom that Industry 4.0 is having in recent years through the start of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in all sectors of activity, we should consider (1) what the technological and digital facilitators are best suited to achieve the automation and digitalization promoted for the scope of intelligent construction systems (Construction 4.0), (2) how to achieve an efficient integration between technology and worker (intelligent products, wearables) and (3) how to configure such integration, as a solution to the rapid increase in the incorporation of new technologies, ICT systems and digitalisation. In this context the present article is developed: bearing in mind that the current design of intelligent devices is not yet adapted to occupational environments and considering the new challenges for construction 4.0

Disminución del acortamiento muscular y efecto sobre la fuerza y la velocidad en futbolistas adolescentes (sub-13)

[Abstract] In soccer, the variables of strength, speed and flexibility are associated with the athletic performance capacity of athletes, being these determinants not only to adapt to the demands of the competition, but at the same time flexibility can help to reduce the risk of injury. The aim of the study was to determine the effect on strength and speed after reducing muscle shortening. This is a quantitative study with an observational-analytical cross-sectional design. The evaluated sample consisted of 22 under-13 category players with an average age of 13.40±0.66 years, a height of 156.95±9.27 cm, and a body mass of 44.54±7.29 kg. They were randomly divided into a control group (n=10) and an experimental group (n=12). The experimental group underwent an 8-week intervention involving static stretches, incorporating the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation method in the fourth week to decrease muscle shortening before the post-test. Knee extension and dorsiflexion were assessed using a goniometer, and physical abilities were measured through the My Jump Lab app, including Squat Jump, Counter Movement Jump, Counter Movement Jump with Arms, the Nordics hamstring test, and speed in 10, 20, and 30 meters using the Runmatic app. Significant results (p<0.05) were observed for jump height in Squat Jump, jump height, flight time, and speed in Counter Movement Jump, torque in the Nordics test, and speed in 30 meters. According to the findings of the present study it seems that flexibility influences vertical jumping ability and speed.[Resumen] En el fútbol, las variables de fuerza, velocidad y flexibilidad están asociadas a la capacidad de rendimiento deportivo de los atletas, siendo estos determinantes no sólo para adaptarse a las exigencias de la competición, sino que al mismo tiempo la flexibilidad puede ayudar a reducir el riesgo de lesiones. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto sobre la fuerza y la velocidad tras reducir el acortamiento muscular. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo con un diseño transversal observacional-analítico. La muestra evaluada consistió en 22 jugadores de categoría sub-13 con una edad media de 13.40±0.66 años, una altura de 156.95±9.27 centímetros y una masa corporal de 44.54±7.29 kilogramos. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo de control (n=10), y un grupo experimental (n=12). El grupo experimental se sometió a una intervención de 8 semanas con estiramientos estáticos, incorporando el método de Facilitación Neuromuscular Propioceptiva en la cuarta semana para disminuir el acortamiento muscular antes de la prueba posterior. La extensión de rodilla y la dorsiflexión se evaluaron utilizando un goniómetro, y las habilidades físicas se midieron a través de la aplicación My Jump Lab, incluyendo Squat Jump, Counter Movement Jump, Counter Movement Jump with Arms, el test nórdico de isquiotibiales y la velocidad en 10, 20 y 30 metros utilizando la app Runmatic. Se observaron resultados significativos (p<0.05) para la altura de salto en Squat Jump, altura de salto, tiempo de vuelo y velocidad en Counter Movement Jump, torque en el test Nordics y velocidad en 30 metros. Según los resultados del presente estudio parece que la flexibilidad influye en la capacidad de salto vertical y en la velocidad

Prevalencia de Trypanosoma vivax en bovinos de Villavicencio por pruebas parasitológicas directas y por inmunofluorescencia indirecta.

Para determinar la prevalencia de tripanosomiasis bovina en Villavicencio, Colombia, empleando la técnica indirecta de anticuerpos fluorescentes, a manera de comparación se utilizaron los métodos parasitológicos directos. Se examinaron 500 bovinos mayores de un año en 50 fincas escogidas al azar. Se encontraron 47 reactores positivos o una prevalencia real entre 6.8 y 9.4 por ciento, utilizando la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta. No se encontraron animales positivos al emplear los métodos parasitológicos directos (preparación en fresco, frotis delgado, gota gruesa, centrifugación en tubo capilar o técnica de Woo). Lo anterior indica la ausencia de correlación entre los procedimientos utilizados. Se comprueba que los métodos parasitológicos directos son solo de ayuda en los casos que cursan con parasitemias detectables. Se puede afirmar que el Tripanosoma vivax es endémico en esta región tropical de Colombia, destacándose la importancia de la tripanosomiasis como enfermedad inmunodepresora y los posibles efectos que puede tener sobre los programas de vacunación que se realicen en los bovinos de esta zona. Los reactores positivos pueden ser reservorios potenciales de tripanosomas, los cuales podrían transmitirse dada la presencia de algunos insectos vectoresGanado de leche-Ganadería lech

Development of an activity disease score in patients with uveitis (UVEDAI)

To develop a disease activity index for patients with uveitis (UVEDAI) encompassing the relevant domains of disease activity considered important among experts in this field. The steps for designing UVEDAI were: (a) Defining the construct and establishing the domains through a formal judgment of experts, (b) A two-round Delphi study with a panel of 15 experts to determine the relevant items, (c) Selection of items: A logistic regression model was developed that set ocular inflammatory activity as the dependent variable. The construct "uveitis inflammatory activity" was defined as any intraocular inflammation that included external structures (cornea) in addition to uvea. Seven domains and 15 items were identified: best-corrected visual acuity, inflammation of the anterior chamber (anterior chamber cells, hypopyon, the presence of fibrin, active posterior keratic precipitates and iris nodules), intraocular pressure, inflammation of the vitreous cavity (vitreous haze, snowballs and snowbanks), central macular edema, inflammation of the posterior pole (the presence and number of choroidal/retinal lesions, vascular inflammation and papillitis), and global assessment from both (patient and physician). From all the variables studied in the multivariate model, anterior chamber cell grade, vitreous haze, central macular edema, inflammatory vessel sheathing, papillitis, choroidal/retinal lesions and patient evaluation were included in UVEDAI. UVEDAI is an index designed to assess the global ocular inflammatory activity in patients with uveitis. It might prove worthwhile to motorize the activity of this extraarticular manifestation of some rheumatic diseases

The population of barred galaxies in the local universe I. Detection and characterisation of bars

(Abridge) Bars are very common in the centre of the disc galaxies, and they drive the evolution of their structure. A volume-limited sample of 2106 disc galaxies extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 was studied to derive the bar fraction, length, and strength as a function of the morphology, size, local galaxy density, light concentration, and colour of the host galaxy. The bars were detected using the ellipse fitting method and Fourier analysis method. The ellipse fitting method was found to be more efficient in detecting bars in spiral galaxies. The fraction of barred galaxies turned out to be 45%. A bar was found in 29% of the lenticular galaxies, in 55% and 54% of the early- and late-type spirals, respectively. The bar length (normalised by the galaxy size) of late-type spirals is shorter than in early-type or lenticular ones. A correlation between the bar length and galaxy size was found with longer bars hosted by larger galaxies. The bars of the lenticular galaxies are weaker than those in spirals. Moreover, the unimodal distribution of the bar strength found for all the galaxy types argues against a quick transition between the barred and unbarred statues. There is no difference between the local galaxy density of barred and unbarred galaxies. Besides, neither the length nor strength of the bars are correlated with the local density of the galaxy neighbourhoods. In contrast, a statistical significant difference between the central light concentration and colour of barred and unbarred galaxies was found. Bars are mostly located in less concentrated and bluer galaxies. These results indicate that the properties of bars are strongly related to those of their host galaxies, but do not depend on the local environment.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in A&

Genetic Ancestry, Race, and Severity of Acutely Decompensated Cirrhosis in Latin America

Background & Aims: Genetic ancestry or racial differences in health outcomes exist in diseases associated with systemic inflammation (eg, COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the association of genetic ancestry and race with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which is characterized by acute systemic inflammation, multi-organ failure, and high risk of short-term death. / Methods: This prospective cohort study analyzed a comprehensive set of data, including genetic ancestry and race among several others, in 1274 patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis who were nonelectively admitted to 44 hospitals from 7 Latin American countries. / Results: Three hundred ninety-five patients (31.0%) had ACLF of any grade at enrollment. Patients with ACLF had a higher median percentage of Native American genetic ancestry and lower median percentage of European ancestry than patients without ACLF (22.6% vs 12.9% and 53.4% vs 59.6%, respectively). The median percentage of African genetic ancestry was low among patients with ACLF and among those without ACLF. In terms of race, a higher percentage of patients with ACLF than patients without ACLF were Native American and a lower percentage of patients with ACLF than patients without ACLF were European American or African American. In multivariable analyses that adjusted for differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the odds ratio for ACLF at enrollment was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03–1.13) with Native American genetic ancestry and 2.57 (95% CI, 1.84–3.58) for Native American race vs European American race. / Conclusions: In a large cohort of Latin American patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis, increasing percentages of Native American ancestry and Native American race were factors independently associated with ACLF at enrollment