Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens - An unusual case report of bacteremic pneumonia after lung transplantation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lung transplant recipients have an increased risk for actinomycetales infection secondary to immunosuppressive regimen.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A case of pulmonary infection with bacteremia due to <it>Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens </it>in a 54-year old man who underwent a double lung transplantation four years previously is presented.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The identification by conventional biochemical assays was unsuccessful and <it>hsp </it>gene sequencing was used to identify <it>Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens</it>.</p

Influence of raw milk microflora and starter cultures in cheese on protein hydrolysis and peptide generation during digestion

Do bacterial strains in cheese have an impact on the protein hydrolysis during human digestion, and if so, does a higher microbial diversity lead to the generation of a higher number of different peptides after digestion?Cheese bacteria are responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins already during cheese ripening. These bacterial cultures are introduced at different steps of the cheese manufacturing process. First, the raw milk flora that is dependent on the milk heat treatment before the cheese manufacturing process, is a major source of a variety of bacteria. Second, starter cultures, needed for a successful acidification of the cheese curd are added to prevent side fermentations. Third, addition of cultures is made for improving flavor or accelerating the ripening process, depending on the type of cheese. Because of bacterial proteolytic activity, proteins in cheese are partially hydrolyzed, depending on the ripening time and are further digested by gastric and pancreatic proteases, after consumption, to the level of small peptides and free amino acids. In order to elucidate possible differences in proteolysis depending on the presence of different bacteria, Swiss Raclette cheeses were produced either from raw or pasteurized milk with or without addition of a proteolytic bacterial strains (Lactobacillus helveticus) and ripened during 120 days.The microbial diversity and the relative abundance of specific strains in the different cheeses was assessed after 24 hours, 80 and 120 days of cheese ripening by sequencing the hypervariable regions V1-V2 of the 16S rRNA genes. Moreover, protein hydrolysis in the different cheeses was analyzed with gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and HPLC after in vitro digestion, applying a static (Infogest) and a dynamic (DIDGI®) oro-gastrointestinal in vitro digestion protocol. In order to gain information on the influence of bacterial strains on protein hydrolysis, the 16s meta-genomic and 16s meta-transcriptomic results were correlated with protein and peptide patterns

RAMÓN, PEDRO [Material gráfico]

SRA. DECopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

Inter-laboratory comparability of the in vitro digestibility method based on the static INFOGEST method

Poster presentado en: International Symposium Dietry Protein for Human Health. Utrecht, Paises Bajos. 14-16 septiembre (2023

Extending in vitro digestion models to specific human populations: Perspectives, practical tools and bio-relevant information

[EN] Background In vitro digestion models show great promise in facilitating the rationale design of foods. This paper provides a look into the current state of the art and outlines possible future paths for developments of digestion models recreating the diverse physiological conditions of specific groups of the human population. Scope and approach Based on a collective effort of experts, this paper outlines considerations and parameters needed for development of new in vitro digestion models, e.g. gastric pH, enzymatic activities, gastric emptying rate and more. These and other parameters are detrimental to the adequate development of in vitro models that enable deeper insight into matters of food luminal breakdown as well as nutrient and nutraceutical bioaccessibility. Subsequently, we present an overview of some new and emerging in vitro digestion models mirroring the gastro-intestinal conditions of infants, the elderly and patients of cystic fibrosis or gastric bypass surgery. Key findings and conclusions This paper calls for synchronization, harmonization and validation of potential developments in in vitro digestion models that would greatly facilitate manufacturing of foods tailored or even personalized, to a certain extent, to various strata of the human population.Shani-Levi, C.; Alvito, P.; Andrés Grau, AM.; Assunção, R.; Barbera, R.; Blanquet-Diot, S.; Bourlieu, C.... (2017). Extending in vitro digestion models to specific human populations: Perspectives, practical tools and bio-relevant information. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 60:52-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.10.017S52636

Standardization of in vitro digestibility and DIAAS method based on the static INFOGEST protocol

Background: The FAO recommends the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) as the measure for protein quality, for which the true ileal digestibility needs to be assessed in humans or pigs. However, due to high costs and ethical concerns, the FAO strongly encourages as well the development of validated in vitro methods, which complement the in vivo experiments. Method: Recently, an in vitro workflow, based on the validated static INFOGEST protocol, was developed and compared towards in vivo data. In parallel to the validation with in vivo data, the repeatability and reproducibility of the in vitro protocol were tested in an international ring trial (RT) with the aim to establish an international ISO standard method within the International Dairy Federation (IDF). Five different dairy products (skim milk powder, whole milk powder, whey protein isolate, yoghurt, and cheese) were analyzed in 32 different laboratories from 18 different countries, across 4 continents. Results: in vitro protein digestibilities based on Nitrogen, free R-NH2, and total amino acids as well as DIAAS values were calculated and compared to in vivo data, where available. Conclusion: The in vitro method is suited for quantification of digestibility and will be further implemented to other food matricesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Progress with the Prime Focus Spectrograph for the Subaru Telescope: a massively multiplexed optical and near-infrared fiber spectrograph

The Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) is an optical/near-infrared multi-fiber spectrograph with 2394 science fibers, which are distributed in 1.3 degree diameter field of view at Subaru 8.2-meter telescope. The simultaneous wide wavelength coverage from 0.38 um to 1.26 um, with the resolving power of 3000, strengthens its ability to target three main survey programs: cosmology, Galactic archaeology, and galaxy/AGN evolution. A medium resolution mode with resolving power of 5000 for 0.71 um to 0.89 um also will be available by simply exchanging dispersers. PFS takes the role for the spectroscopic part of the Subaru Measurement of Images and Redshifts project, while Hyper Suprime-Cam works on the imaging part. To transform the telescope plus WFC focal ratio, a 3-mm thick broad-band coated glass-molded microlens is glued to each fiber tip. A higher transmission fiber is selected for the longest part of cable system, while one with a better FRD performance is selected for the fiber-positioner and fiber-slit components, given the more frequent fiber movements and tightly curved structure. Each Fiber positioner consists of two stages of piezo-electric rotary motors. Its engineering model has been produced and tested. Fiber positioning will be performed iteratively by taking an image of artificially back-illuminated fibers with the Metrology camera located in the Cassegrain container. The camera is carefully designed so that fiber position measurements are unaffected by small amounts of high special-frequency inaccuracies in WFC lens surface shapes. Target light carried through the fiber system reaches one of four identical fast-Schmidt spectrograph modules, each with three arms. Prototype VPH gratings have been optically tested. CCD production is complete, with standard fully-depleted CCDs for red arms and more-challenging thinner fully-depleted CCDs with blue-optimized coating for blue arms.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, submitted to "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V, Suzanne K. Ramsay, Ian S. McLean, Hideki Takami, Editors, Proc. SPIE 9147 (2014)

The harmonized INFOGEST in vitro digestion method: From knowledge to action

Within the active field of in vitro digestion in food research, the COST Action INFOGEST aimed to harmonize in vitro protocols simulating human digestion on the basis of physiologically inferred conditions. A harmonized static in vitro digestion (IVD) method was recently published as a primary output from this network. To validate this protocol, inter-laboratory trials were conducted within the INFOGEST network. A first study was performed using skim milk powder (SMP) as a model food and served to compare the different in-house digestion protocols used among the INFOGEST members. In a second inter-laboratory study applying the harmonized protocol, the degree of consistency in protein hydrolysis was investigated. Analysis of the hydrolyzed proteins, after the gastric and intestinal phases, showed that caseins were mainly hydrolyzed during the gastric phase, whereas β-lactoglobulin was, as previously shown, resistant to pepsin. Moreover, generation of free amino acids occurred mainly during the intestinal phase.The study also showed that a few critical steps were responsible for the remaining inter-laboratory variability. The largest deviations arose from the determination of pepsin activity. Therefore, this step was further clarified, harmonized, and implemented in a third inter-laboratory study.The present work gives an overview of all three inter-laboratory studies, showing that the IVD INFOGEST method has led to an increased consistency that enables a better comparability of in vitro digestion studies in the future