Compounds from Ilex paraguariensis extracts confer antioxidant effects in the brains of rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress

Immobilization induces oxidative damage to the brain. Ilex paraguariensis extracts (Mate) and chlorogenic acid (CGA), its major natural compound, exert protective effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Here, the effects of Mate and CGA on oxidative damage induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS) in cortex (CTX), hippocampus (HIP) and striatum (STR) were investigated. For CIS, animals were immobilized during 6 h every day for 21 consecutive days. Rats received Mate or CGA daily by intra-gastric gavage 30 min before every restraint session. Endpoints of oxidative stress (levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione) were evaluated following CIS. While CIS increased oxidized lipids and carbonyl levels in all brain regions, CGA (and Mate in a lesser extent) attenuated lipid and protein oxidation as compared to control groups. GSH/GSSG balance showed a tendency to increase in all regions in response to stress and antioxidants. Taken together, our results support a protective role of dietary antioxidants against the neuronal consequences of stress.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Olvanil inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, reduces fat accumulation and improves lipidic profile on mice with diet-induced obesity

Aim: The present study is aimed to examine olvanil's effect in preadipocyte cell culture and on a murine model of diet-induced obesity. We hypothesized that olvanil by being a capsaicinoid will reduce the differentiation to mature adipocytes and reduce the weight of fat tissue in the studied mice. Methods: To determine the effect of olvanil on adipogenesis, 3T3-L1 cells were cultured. Oil red staining was performed to determine lipid accumulation, whereas triglycerides were measured by biochemical determination. Expression of PPAR-γ and PREF-1 were measured by RT-PCR. Therefore, male C57BL/6J mice (CICUAL:2018-020B) were fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to develop a murine model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Animals were separated into 6 experimental groups: control (standard diet), DIO (high-fat diet), DIO + orlistat (10 mg/kg), DIO + olvanil (10 mg/kg), DIO + olvanil (25 mg/kg) and DIO + olvanil (50 mg/kg), olvanil was administered for 4 weeks. Results: Olvanil inhibits adipogenesis, reduces lipid accumulation and triglycerides in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PPAR-ɣ gene expression was suppressed while PREF-1 was increased in adipocytes treated with olvanil. Whereas protein expression of FABP4 and PPAR-ɣ decreases significantly with olvanil. The results suggest that olvanil can inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes through the overexpression or maintenance of PREF-1 levels and the suppression of PPAR-ɣ, and FABP4. Therefore, in diet-induced obesity in mice, olvanil decreases fat accumulation in the body and improve lipid profile by decreasing LDL, VLDL and triglycerides in serum. Conclusion: Olvanil inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells and reduces fat accumulation and ameliorate lipid profile in diet-induced obese mice