Sistemática e filogenia do gênero neotropical Belopoeus Schoenherr, 1838 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Dryophthorinae)

O gênero Belopoeus Schoenherr, 1838 é representado por insetos de tamanho médio (7-13,4 mm), estando caracterizado pelas seguintes sinapomorfias: dimorfismo sexual do rostro marcante; segmentos IV-VI das antenas alongados; lobo médio do edeago fundido com apódemas. As espécies deste gênero estão associadas com palmeiras do gênero Attalea Kunth (Arecaceae), sendo que B. carmelitus (Germar, 1824) e B. heikeae Vanin, 1995 atuam como polinizadoras de A. attaleoides (Barb. Rodr.) Wess. Boer e A. microcarpa Mart., respectivamente. A distribuição geográfica do grupo é pouco conhecida, estando restrita à América do Sul, onde são registrados apenas para o Brasil, Peru, Guiana Francesa e Venezuela. A revisão taxonômica e a análise filogenética do gênero Belopoeus são apresentadas com base em caracteres descobertos durante o estudo e naqueles já utilizados na literatura. Foram reconhecidas seis espécies sendo cinco redescritas: B. niger Gahan & Arrow, 1903, B. orbignyae Bondar, 1954, B. heikeae, B. carmelitus e B. caudatus Vanin, 1995, e uma descrita como nova: B. valenteae (Belém, PA), as quais podem ser identificadas pela chave apresentada. O macho de B. niger é descrito pela primeira vez. Todas as descrições incluem ilustrações de morfologia externa e da genitália masculina. Novos dados sobre registros geográficos são fornecidos, sendo B. orbignyae registrada pela primeira vez para o Estado do Pará (Brasil) e B. carmelitus para o Departamento de Ucayali (Peru). A análise cladística, baseada em 46 caracteres, resultou numa única hipótese, que pode ser expressa parenteticamente como: (B. niger (B. valenteae (B. orbignyae (B. heikeae (B. carmelitus, B. caudatus)))))

Sistemática filogenética da tribo neotropical Optatini Champion, 1907 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Baridinae)

The tribu Optatini Champion, 1907 is composed of small to large-sized (2,3- 18,3 mm) weevils beetles, characterized by to have: rhomboidal or suboval body, covered with scales variegated, nearly everywhere of the body or forming points and spots; the mandibles toothed on the their inner edge; the prostern generally strongly grooved down the middle, and with absent prosternal spine in the male; the anterior coxae contiguos to broadly separated; the femora sharply dentate or denticulate; the tibiae dentate ucinate; the tarsal claws generally united on base. The genera of this tribe are associated with the botanical genera Annona L. (Annocaceae) and Pentagonia Bentham (Rubiaceae). The geographical distribuition of the group is little know, and it is restricted to Neotropical region (México, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panamá, Colômbia, Venezuela, Trinidade and Tobago, Guiana Francesa, Brasil, Equador, Peru, Bolívia and Argentina). The redescription and the phylogenetic of the genera of Optatini are presented based on new characters discovered during the study, and on others already found in the literature. Eleven genera were redescribed: Costovia Casey, 1922, Lydamis Pascoe, 1889, Pardisomus Pascoe, 1889, Pseudoptatus Champion, 1907, Tripestes Casey, 1922, Pistus Faust, 1894, Sympages Pascoe, 1889, Eurypages Pascoe, 1872, Telemus Pascoe, 1889, Macroptatus Heller, 1906, and Optatus Pascoe, 1889. Only Parasyprestia were not redescribed. All the twelve genera can be identified by key provided. All the descriptions include illustrations to make easy the identification. Lectotypes are designated to species Costovia brunnea, Lydamis conicicollis, L. semiluctuosus, Pardisomus geniculatus, P. multiguttatus, P. rufescens, Pseudoptatus morio e Pistus niveus. New dates about geographical distribuition are provided, being Lydamis reported for the first time from the Provincie of Guanacaste (Costa Rica), Rondônia, Mato Grosso Sul, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina States (Brazil), Archinamiza (Peru), Department of Beni (Bolívia); Pardisomus from Nouveau Chantier (French Guiana), Province of Pastaza (Equador); Pistus from Espírito Santo (Brazil), Pichincha (Equador), Lima and Madre de Dios (Peru), La Paz (Bolivia); Sympages from Guanacaste (Costa Rica); Eurypages to Tocantins and Goiás (Brazil); Telemus from French Guiana, Pará, Bahia, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Espiríto Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), Department of Paraguari (Paraguai); Macroptatus to Guanacaste (Costa Rica); Optatus from the Department of Jalisco (Mexico), Quiché and Baja Vera Paz Departmentes (Guatemala), Guanacaste and Heredia (Costa Rica). The cladistic analysis, based on 45 characters, found not support to monophyly of Optatini, resulted that Optatini is a group comprising six branch (the genera Costovia, Lydamis, Pardisomus and Pseudoptatus, and the branch Sympages and Eurypages).A tribo Optatini Champion, 1907 é representada por besouros gorgulhos de tamanho pequeno a grande (2,3-18,3 mm), caracterizados por ter o corpo romboidal ou suboval, revestido de escamas de cores, tamanhos e formas variadas, cobrindo quase todo o corpo ou formando pontos e manchas; as mandíbulas denteadas na margem interna; o prosterno, em geral, profundamente sulcado abaixo do meio, e com espinho prosternal ausente no macho; as coxas anteriores contíguas a amplamente separadas; os fêmures com dentes agudamente denteados ou denticulados; tíbias ungüiculadas; as garras tarsais geralmente unidas na base. Os gêneros desta tribo estão associados com os gêneros botânicos Annona L. (Annonacea) e Pentagonia Bentham (Rubiaceae). A distribuição geográfica do grupo é pouco conhecida, estando restrita à região Neotropical (México, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panamá, Colômbia, Venezuela, Trinidade e Tobago, Guiana Francesa, Brasil, Equador, Peru, Bolívia e Argentina). A redescrição e a análise filogenética dos gêneros de Optatini são apresentadas com base em caracteres descobertos durante o estudo e naqueles já utilizados na literatura. Dos doze gêneros conhecidos: Costovia Casey, 1922, Lydamis Pascoe, 1889, Pardisomus Pascoe, 1889, Pseudoptatus Champion, 1907, Tripestes Casey, 1922, Pistus Faust, 1894, Sympages Pascoe, 1889, Eurypages Pascoe, 1872, Telemus Pascoe, 1889, Parasyprestia Casey, 1922, Macroptatus Heller, 1906 e Optatus Pascoe, 1889, apenas Parasyprestia não foi redescrito. Todos os doze gêneros podem ser identificados pela chave apresentada. Todas as descrições incluem ilustrações para facilitar a identificação. Foram designados lectótipos para as espécies Costovia brunnea, Lydamis conicicollis, L. semiluctuosus, Pardisomus geniculatus, P. multiguttatus, P. rufescens, Pseudoptatus morio e Pistus niveus. Novos dados sobre distribuição geográfica são fornecidos, sendo Lydamis registrado pela primeira vez para a Província de Guanacaste (Costa Rica), os Estados de Rondônia, Mato Grosso Sul, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Santa Catarina (Brasil), Archinamiza (Peru), o Departamento de Beni (Bolívia); Pardisomus para Nouveau Chantier (Guiana Francesa), a Província de Pastaza (Equador); Pistus para o Espírito Santo (Brasil), Pichincha (Equador), Lima e Madre de Dios (Peru), La Paz (Bolívia); Sympages para Guanacaste (Costa Rica); Eurypages para Tocantins e Goiás (Brasil); Telemus para Guiana Francesa, Pará, Bahia, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Espiríto Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), Departamento de Paraguari (Paraguai); Macroptatus para Guanacaste (Costa Rica); Optatus para o Departamento de Jalisco (México), os Departamentos de Quiché e Baja Vera Paz (Guatemala), Guanacaste e Heredia (Costa Rica). A análise cladística, baseada em 45 caracteres não encontrou suporte para o monofiletismo de Optatini, resultando em um grupo formado por seis ramos (os gêneros Costovia, Lydamis, Pardisomus e Pseudoptatus, e os ramos Sympages e Eurypages)

Cholini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Molytinae) depositados na Coleção de Invertebrados do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia

In Brazilian Amazonia, Cholini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae) is represented by 53 species distributed in seven generaAmeris Dejean, 1821; Cholus Germar, 1824; Homalinotus Sahlberg, 1823; Lobaspis Chevrolat, 1881; Odontoderes Sahlberg, 1823; Ozopherus Pascoe, 1872 and Rhinastus Schoenherr, 1825. This work documents the species of Cholini housed in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil and gives the geographical and biological data associated with them. A total of 186 Cholini specimens were identified as belonging to 14 species (13 from Brazilian Amazonia) and five genera (Cholus, Homalinotus, Odontoderes, Ozopherus and Rhinastus). Only 24% of the Cholini species reported from Brazilian Amazonia are actually represented in the INPA collection, underscoring the need for a more systematical collecting based on available biological information. The known geographical distribution was expanded for the following speciesCholus granifer (Chevrolat, 1881) for Brazil; C. pantherinus (Olivier, 1790) for Manaus (Amazonas); Cholus parallelogrammus (Germar, 1824) for Piraquara (Paraná); Homalinotus depressus (Linnaeus, 1758) for lago Janauacá (Amazonas) and rio Tocantins (Pará); H. humeralis (Gyllenhal, 1836) for Novo Airão, Coari (Amazonas) and Porto Velho (Rondônia); H. nodipennis (Chevrolat, 1878) for Carauari, Lábrea (Amazonas) and Ariquemes (Rondônia); H. validus (Olivier, 1790) for rio Araguaia (Brasil), Manaus (Amazonas), rio Tocantins (Pará), Porto Velho and BR 364, Km 130 (Rondônia); Odontoderes carinatus (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) for Manaus (Amazonas); O. spinicollis (Boheman, 1836) for rio Uraricoera (Roraima); and Ozopherus muricatus Pascoe, 1872 for lago Janauacá (Amazonas). Homalinotus humeralis is reported for the first time from "urucuri" palm, Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng.Na Amazônia brasileira, Cholini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae) é representada por 53 espécies, distribuídas em sete gêneros: Ameris Dejean, 1821; Cholus Germar, 1824; Homalinotus Sahlberg, 1823; Lobaspis Chevrolat, 1881; Odontoderes Sahlberg, 1823; Ozopherus Pascoe, 1872 e Rhinastus Schoenherr, 1825. Este trabalho documenta as espécies de Cholini depositadas na Coleção de Invertebrados do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasil, além de apresentar a distribuição geográfica e informações sobre a biologia dessas espécies. Foram identificados 186 espécimes de Cholini, pertencentes a 14 espécies (13 da Amazônia brasileira) e cinco gêneros (Cholus, Homalinotus, Odontoderes, Ozopherus e Rhinastus). Somente 24% das espécies de Cholini registradas para a Amazônia brasileira estão representadas na coleção do INPA, ressaltando a necessidade de um esforço de coleta sistemático baseado na informação biológica disponível. Foi ampliada a distribuição geográfica conhecida das seguintes espécies: Cholus granifer (Chevrolat, 1881) para Brasil; C. pantherinus (Olivier, 1790) para Manaus (Amazonas); Cholus parallelogrammus (Germar, 1824) para Piraquara (Paraná); Homalinotus depressus (Linnaeus, 1758) para lago Janauacá (Amazonas) e rio Tocantins (Pará); H. humeralis (Gyllenhal, 1836) para Novo Airão, Coari (Amazonas) e Porto Velho (Rondônia); H. nodipennis (Chevrolat, 1878) para Carauari, Lábrea (Amazonas) e Ariquemes (Rondônia); H. validus (Olivier, 1790) para rio Araguaia (Brasil), Manaus (Amazonas), rio Tocantins (Pará), Porto Velho e BR 364, Km 130 (Rondônia); Odontoderes carinatus (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) para Manaus (Amazonas); O. spinicollis (Boheman, 1836) para rio Uraricoera (Roraima) e Ozopherus muricatus Pascoe, 1872 para lago Janauacá (Amazonas). Homalinotus humeralis é associado pela primeira vez com a palmeira urucuri Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Arthropods associated with nests of Cacicus sp. and Psarocolius sp. (Passerida: Icteridae) in varzea forest near the meeting of the rivers Negro and Solimões (Central Amazonia, Brazil) at high water

We analysed the arthropod fauna from nine nests of Cacicus sp. and nine nests of Psarocolius sp. (Passerida: Icteridae), in the varzea forest of Central Amazonia, Brazil, during high water, establishing these nests as one of the probable refuges for several arthropods performing vertical migration during periods of flooding and high water, besides discussing the role of these arthropods in the nests. We also evaluate the effectiveness of the extraction of arthropods from nests using an apparatus based on the Berlese-Tullgren funnel. We obtained 15,128 arthropods from three subphyla, five classes and 16 orders. The nests were shown as complex ecosystems sheltering groups from different functional and trophic categories and revealed striking differences from those of terra firma, remarkably in Blattaria, Arachnida and Pseudoscorpiones. The increasing volume of the funnel and time of heat exposure was shown to be appropriate for extraction of the arthropods from the bulky nests of these birds. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

The influence of flood pulses on the reproductive strategy of two species of passalid beetle in the fluvial archipelago of Anavilhanas, Amazon, Brazil

In environments subject to seasonal flood pulses, the level of the water influences the reproductive behaviour of the species Passalus abortivus and Passalus punctiger, which are beetles belonging to the family Passalidae. These species were studied in the fluvial archipelago of Anavilhanas, Negro River, State of Amazonas, Brazil, which floods annually for a period of six months. The results of this study show a negative and highly significant correlation between the level of the water and the presence of immature beetles. Our findings also indicate that both species show reproductive behaviour termed univoltine, which seems to be an adaptation to the limits imposed by the environmental conditions. En ambientes expuestos a pulsos de inundación estacional el nivel del agua actúa sobre el comportamiento reproductivo de las especies Passalus abortivus y Passalus punctiger, Coleópteros de la familia Passalidae. Estas especies fueron estudiadas en el Archipiélago fluvial Anavilhanas, Rio Negro, Estado de Amazonas, Brasil, el cual permanece anualmente inundado por un periodo de seis meses. Se encontró una correlación negativa y altamente significativa entre las variables nivel de agua y presencia de inmaduros. Nuestros resultados también indican que ambas especies muestran un comportamiento reproductivo denominado univoltino, que parece ser una adaptación a los límites impuestos por las condiciones ambientales. © 2010 Taylor & Francis

Passalinae Leach 1815

Subfamily Passalinae Leach, 1815 (subfamily here redefined to include a smaller group of taxa) <p>This branch was supported by one synapomorphy:</p> <p>[Character 17] Ileum with symmetrical, lateral diverticula (0); asymmetrical (1). Unambiguous optimization (ci = 100; ri = 100).</p> <p>At this level, lateral diverticula were asymmetrical in numbers and size on both surfaces of the ileum, giving it a more flattened appearance (Figs 6, 7). This character state was apomorphic.</p>Published as part of <i>Fonseca, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos Da, Barbosa, Márcio Luís Leitão & Fernandez, Maria Fernanda Souza, 2011, A hypothetical evolutionary history of passalid beetles narrated by the comparative anatomy of the hindgut (Coleoptera: Passalidae), pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 3012</i> on page 14, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/200834">10.5281/zenodo.200834</a&gt