6 research outputs found
The Investigation of Structure Heterogeneous Joint Welds in Pipelines
Welding joints of dissimilar steels donβt withstand design life. One of the important causes of premature destructions can be the acceleration of steel structural degradation due to cyclic mechanical and thermal gradients. Two zones of tube from steel 12H18N9T, exhibiting the structural instability at early stages of the decomposition of a supersaturated solid austenite solution, were subjected to investigation. Methods of x-ray spectral and structure analysis, micro hardnessmetry were applied for the research. Made the following conclusions, inside and outside tube wall surfaces of hazardous zones in welding joint have different technological and resource characteristics. The microhardness very sensitive to changes of metal structure and can be regarded as integral characteristic of strength and ductility. The welding processes are responsible for the further fibering of tube wall structure, they impact to the characteristics of hot-resistance and long-term strength due to development of ring cracks in the welding joint of pipeline. The monitoring of microhardness and structural phase conversions can be used for control by changes of mechanical properties in result of post welding and reductive heat treatment of welding joints
Structural aspects of cyclical strength of a superheater weldment
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ: ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ·Π΅Π» ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ 12Π₯1ΠΠ€. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Β«ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ-ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ» ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π. ΠΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΡΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π° Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² U -2 ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΡΡΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ (Π΄ΠΎ Π½ΡΠ»Ρ) ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ I ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°; ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ U -2 ; Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² U -2 ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.The relevance of researching power generator weldments is associated with the necessity of increasing the operational reliability of the heat-power equipment frequently damaged and most critical units. One of the working efficiency increasing factors is the consideration of internal structural stresses, formation mechanism of which is associated with the structural heterogeneity developing in exploitation and resource structural degradation leading to destruction. The aim of the researchis to establish interrelationships between the structural damage accumulation, internal stresses and cracking under the mechanical cyclic loads influence. Subject: welded superheater unit made of low-alloy heat-resistant steel 12Cr1MoV. Methods: physical modeling of operating conditions by external mechanical cyclic deformation, microscopic surface morphology research, x-ray diffraction of deformed samples, evaluation of internal structural stresses, mean square atoms displacement during deformation and characteristic temperature. Results. The paper demonstrates the role and the influence of the cyclic load on fracture. It means that wave periodic deformation Β«hardening-softeningΒ» and the cyclic variation of internal structural stresses are the most important. It was established that under variable cyclic load conditions the periodic internal stresses relaxation is typical. This process corresponds to the rupture of interatomic bonds and formation of a microstructural short crack. According to relaxation conditions, based on Griffith ideas, the authors have determined the critical crack opening stress. The values of mean square displacement of atoms and the characteristic temperature during cyclic deformation reflect the structural features of plasticity, porosity and brittle state. Conclusions. The paper introduces a new methodology for estimating critical states of the weld-affected zone based on the use of relations between internal stresses and the structural damage accumulation. It is shown that internal stresses, vibrational amplitude of U -2 atoms and characteristic temperature can be a sign of structural transformation diagnostic: the brittle fracture sign is a deep (to zero) relaxation of the first kind internal stresses; the structural plasticity sign is an increased amplitude of atomic U -2 displacements; and the structural porosity feature is an abnormal increase in the vibrational atoms amplitude and characteristic temperature decrease
Aspects of evolution of metal nanoscale characteristics during thermal cycling
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ (ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ III ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°) ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ I ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ "ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ", ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
Π°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π°, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ 12Π₯1ΠΠ€. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ-10Π£Π, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ ΠΠ, ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° PENSCKOPE. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°. Π£ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π°. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ I ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ "ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»-Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»", Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ².Relevance of the study is caused by the absence of experimental data, establishing a relation between submicroscopic (the third-order properties) and macroscopic properties of the first-order. Such interrelatedness, being a factor affecting the microstructure-strength ratio, can considerably facilitate a further success in solving the issues of life extension. The aim of the study is to establish the effect of cyclic thermal loads on the root-mean-square displacements of atoms as a sign of interatomic bond strength and microdamage of metal of superheater tubes. Object of study are specimens of heat-resistant pearlitic 12Cr1MoV steel from the weld-affected zone. Methods include physical simulation of operation conditions by thermal cycling of specimens in the MIMP-10UE furnace, X-ray dosimetry of specimens, evaluation of internal structural stresses using X-ray diffractometer DRON, and surface morphology by means of PENSCKOPE microscope. Results of the study established that thermal cyclic loads have effect on the root-mean-square displacements of atoms. It was shown that thermal effect results in increase of the strength of interatomic bonds. The paper demonstrates the correlation between submicro- and macroscopic characteristics of strength, as well as the fact that the amplitude of atomic thermal vibrations, being a characteristic of interatomic bonds strength, can be a diagnostic indicator of accumulation and development of metal damaging. Decrease of root-meansquare displacements amplitude during thermal cycling is explained by the hypothesis about occurrence of substitution solid solutions as a result of surface nitriding by molecular nitrogen of the atmospheric air. Under this hypothesis it was proved that one of oscillation mechanisms for internal stresses of the first-kind can be the process of surface nitriding during thermal cycling, which results in complex bonds between metal and nonmetal in the multicomponent alloyed steels, aimed at maintaining the stability of solid solution system
Corrosion problems and physical-mechanical models of structural materials faib lure for power plant engineering
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ
. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ β Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². Π£Π³Π»ΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Relevance of the research is caused by the need for increase of thermal and mechanical equipment life by reducing the metal losses caused by corrosion damage. Life extension and diagnostics of the structural materials state in power equipment are induced by the growing wear rate at operating electric power plants. In this relation, a thorough analysis of current mechanisms of oxide film formation and destruction, microcracking, evolution of microcracks with their further development and structural factors, affecting these mechanisms, is required. It will promote the preparation for a transition to a qualitatively more informative and extensive level of research - nanoscale and even atomic, without which it is impossible to find dramatic solutions to the efficiency problems for materials used in manufacture of power equipment components and operated under high temperatures and pressure. The aim of the research is to analyze the problem to find reliable indicators of pre-corrosion failure, as well as to investigate the mechanisms of further corrosion of heating surfaces in steam generators and other heat exchange systems and obtain objective data about corrosion and heat resistance of steels for power plant engineering products, and also to develop the information basis for justification of objectives and methodology of studies in this area. Results of researching the problem. The authors have defined the mechanisms of corrosion failure affected by operational factors. Deeper insight of these factors pattern requires obtaining of observation results not only in the static state of the object, but the dynamic history as well
Root-mean-square deviations of atomic positions - nanoscale indicator of surface condition
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ III ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ-10Π£Π, Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΠ ΠΠ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° PENSCKOPE Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 20. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ
. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² U2, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ III ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ [sigma]0,2 ΠΈ [sigma]B (ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²). Π’Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π» ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ U2 ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ I ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°.The study relevance is associated with the need of increasing the reliability of welded joints in steam power plants, hence with a rational use of product materials due to improvement and development of methods for studying the physical characteristics. Purpose of the study is to introduce the new nanoscale structural criteria of the third kind to assess the surface condition. Object of the study is specimens of heat-resistant steel tubular heating surfaces of steam boilers. Methods include physical modeling of operating conditions by thermal cycling in the MIMP-10UE electric furnace, cyclic cold deformation by means of a hydraulic press, roentgenometry of specimens with evaluation of the root-mean-square deviations and internal structural stresses using the DRON X-ray diffractometers, analysis of surface morphology with the portable electron microscope PENSCKOPE with 20x magnification. Results. Experimental studies, related to quantitative evaluation of the amplitude of atomic vibration and its evolution during cyclic thermal and mechanical loads, resulted in introduction of a new diagnostic parameter - the amplitude of atomic vibration U2, reflecting the fundamental nature of interatomic bonds. Correlation between the root-mean-square deviations of atoms (the microscale level of properties), which are the microstructural characteristics of the third kind, and the macromechanical characteristics [sigma]0.2 and [sigma]B (the macroscale level of properties) was demonstrated. As the offset yield point and ultimate strength point are related to strength and breaking, then the rootmean-square deviations of atoms can be used as an indicator for damage and an indicator of limit states. The parameter U2 can also be a characteristic of the current physical state of metal. The new method for assessment of current and limit states was suggested. It was shown that structure restoration is monitored at the atomic microscale level, using the vibration amplitude and the stresses of the first kind
Influence of residual stresses on resistance to brittle fracture in weldment zones
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ·Π»Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ: ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ-10Π£Π, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΠ ΠΠ, ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Β«Π Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π‘7Β», Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏ Olympus GF41 Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ SIAMS Photolab, ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° PEN SCKOPE, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΠΠ’-3. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎ-ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.The relevance of the researchinthe field of welded joints strength and failure is associated with the necessity of ensuring high operational reliability and safety running hazardous production facilities. Internal stresses and their relaxation as an independent cause of destruction are widely recognized nowadays. The final form of the maximum permissible state is cracks appearance, however the signs of the appeared maximum permissible state of the node or structure are not clearly defined. The aim of the researchis to establish the signs of weld zone prefracture and fracture under redistribution conditions of internal stresses during thermal relaxation. The subject of the research iswelded superheater units made of dissimilar steels. Research methods: physical modeling of operating conditions by thermal cycling of samples in the MIMP-10UE electric furnace, X-ray dosimetry of the samples, internal structural stresses evaluation on DRON- type X-ray diffractometers, morphological analysis using the Β«Resource S7Β» metallographic analyzer, including an inverted Olympus GF41 microscope with the SIAMS Photolab software, cracks morphology with a PEN SCKOPE microanalyzer, microhardness analysis using a PMT-3 microhardness tester. Results. According to the hypothesis of crack formation correlation with internal stress relaxation, crack appearance and growth and stress relaxation are interrelated processes. As a result of thermal fluctuation relaxation, the same qualitative regularities (which lead to destruction) for a single-phase and two-phase system are found. Natural aging processes occurring in the sample with an initial crack in the absence of external loads and deformations are controlled only by internal stresses that activate all mechanisms of destruction, including phase decay. Under the conditions of internal stresses thermofluctuation relaxation, the temperature limit of the stress state region is set, which determines the reliable operating temperature