MAS: Towards Resource-Efficient Federated Multiple-Task Learning

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning method that empowers in-situ model training on decentralized edge devices. However, multiple simultaneous FL tasks could overload resource-constrained devices. In this work, we propose the first FL system to effectively coordinate and train multiple simultaneous FL tasks. We first formalize the problem of training simultaneous FL tasks. Then, we present our new approach, MAS (Merge and Split), to optimize the performance of training multiple simultaneous FL tasks. MAS starts by merging FL tasks into an all-in-one FL task with a multi-task architecture. After training for a few rounds, MAS splits the all-in-one FL task into two or more FL tasks by using the affinities among tasks measured during the all-in-one training. It then continues training each split of FL tasks based on model parameters from the all-in-one training. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MAS outperforms other methods while reducing training time by 2x and reducing energy consumption by 40%. We hope this work will inspire the community to further study and optimize training simultaneous FL tasks.Comment: ICCV'23. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2207.0420

A bibliometric analysis of metastatic breast cancer: two-decade report (2002-2022)

BackgroundMBC is a lethal form of breast cancer that arises when cancer cells invade other organs or tissues. The treatment of MBC needs personalized approaches based on the tumor and patient characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to analyze MBC studies from 2002 to 2022 using bibliometrics and to investigate its current situation, main contributors, core journals, highly cited papers, and topic evolution.Materials and methodsWe retrieved data from Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Bibliometric analysis of the included literatures mainly used the following tools: the function of “analyze results” and “citation report” in WoS, Microsoft excel 2021, CiteSpace v.6.1. R6, VOSviewer v.1.6.18, BICOMB v.2.04 and gCLUTO v.1.0.ResultsWe found 12,653 articles on MBC research published in 1, 802 journals by 69, 753 authors from 118 countries. The annual output and citation of MBC articles showed a rising trend over time. The United States was the most influential country in MBC research. The most cited journal in this field was The Journal of Clinical Oncology. And the most cited article was by Slamon DJ. The co-word analysis of keywords divides MBC into six research clusters. The hormone receptor-positive MBC and liquid biopsy of MBC are the frontiers research trends. “CDK4/6 inhibitor” had the highest burst strength.ConclusionOur bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive overview of MBC research in the past two decades. It shows the current situation, main contributors, core journals, highly cited papers, and topic evolution of this field. Our study can assist researchers and practitioners to comprehend the development and trends of MBC research and to discover potential directions for future research

China's changing exports : causes and consequences; final technical report

The impacts of renminbi (Chinese currency) appreciation were found to vary depending on whether firms were tightly integrated into global value chains (GVCs) where lead firms are instrumental in determining the distribution of currency appreciation’s costs and benefits and whether, in the case of foreign-owned and joint venture lead firms, the chain was internally centralized or governed as independent profit centres. Findings showed strong evidence of firms engaging in industrial upgrading in response to currency appreciation and other pressures, as well as evidence of multilevel state policy designed to spatially reconfigure the “strategic coupling” of local assets to facilitate industrial upgrading

Multiple challenges, complex impacts and responses, uncertain futures : a case study of exporters in Jiangsu province, China

All three of these factors – renminbi appreciation, rising labour costs and slower global trade growth – have posed significant challenges to China’s exporters. The slowing down of global growth presents a serious challenge. This analysis focuses primarily on exporting firms. Both policy initiatives and market pressures are leading to a geographical restructuring, with the state actively involved in facilitating a new ‘strategic coupling’ based on revisions to the 'location assets' caused by changes in prices and exchange rates. The export destination composition of Jiangsu’s exports from 2007 to 2015 are also considered

Automatic welding technology for vertical welds of 9%Ni steel plates for inner LNG storage tanks

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is always used for the vertical welding of inner wall of LNG storage tanks in China, and there has been no successful case for the application of automatic welding technology to vertical welding so far. In this paper, an automatic Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) technology with multi-layer, filament, short arc, circumferential swing and short pause on both sides of the groove was proposed through the automatic welding test of vertical welds of 9%Ni steel plates. Then, tests on mechanical properties were conducted for the welds made with this technology. The results show that the tensile, bending and low-temperature impact properties of the specimens can meet the requirements of relevant standards. In particular, the low-temperature Charpy impact energy of the heat affected area is 17.6% higher than that of SMAW. In addition, the vertical FCAW was applied to a 16×104 m3 LNG tank in a LNG receiving terminal of China, with the welding efficiency increased by 52% and the welding repair rate reduced by 2% in comparison to SMAW. In addition, the tank passed the hydrostatic test, kept stable in trial run, and was put into operation. So, the research results could provide some theoretical guidance and practical basis for the promotion of automatic welding for vertical welds of inner LNG storage tank in the future

Droplet Microfluidics Enables Tracing of Target Cells at the Single-Cell Transcriptome Resolution

The rapid promotion of single-cell omics in various fields has begun to help solve many problems encountered in research, including precision medicine, prenatal diagnosis, and embryo development. Meanwhile, single-cell techniques are also constantly updated with increasing demand. For some specific target cells, the workflow from droplet screening to single-cell sequencing is a preferred option and should reduce the impact of operation steps, such as demulsification and cell recovery. We developed an all-in-droplet method integrating cell encapsulation, target sorting, droplet picoinjection, and single-cell transcriptome profiling on chips to achieve labor-saving monitoring of TCR-T cells. As a proof of concept, in this research, TCR-T cells were encapsulated, sorted, and performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) by injecting reagents into droplets. It avoided the tedious operation of droplet breakage and re-encapsulation between droplet sorting and scRNA-seq. Moreover, convenient device operation will accelerate the progress of chip marketization. The strategy achieved an excellent recovery performance of single-cell transcriptome with a median gene number over 4000 and a cross-contamination rate of 8.2 ± 2%. Furthermore, this strategy allows us to develop a device with high integrability to monitor infused TCR-T cells, which will promote the development of adoptive T cell immunotherapy and their clinical application

CEPC Technical Design Report -- Accelerator

International audienceThe Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China, fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners. The complex comprises four accelerators: a 30 GeV Linac, a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring, a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV, and a Collider operating at varying energy modes (Z, W, H, and ttbar). The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface, while the Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel, strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a Super Proton Proton Collider (SPPC). The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory. In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation (SR) power of 30 MW per beam, it can achieve a luminosity of 5e34 /cm^2/s^1, resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 /ab for two interaction points over a decade, producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons. Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons, facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels, exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude. This Technical Design Report (TDR) follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report (Pre-CDR, 2015) and the Conceptual Design Report (CDR, 2018), comprehensively detailing the machine's layout and performance, physical design and analysis, technical systems design, R&D and prototyping efforts, and associated civil engineering aspects. Additionally, it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline, establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures. Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028, pending government approval, with an estimated duration of 8 years. The commencement of experiments could potentially initiate in the mid-2030s