104 research outputs found
Does courier gender matter? Exploring mode choice behaviour for E-groceries crowd-shipping in developing economies
This paper examines the mode choice behaviour of people who may act as
occasional couriers to provide crowd-shipping (CS) deliveries. Given its recent
increase in popularity, online grocery services have become the main market for
crowd-shipping deliveries' provider. The study included a behavioural survey,
PTV Visum simulations and discrete choice behaviour modelling based on random
utility maximization theory. Mode choice behaviour was examined by considering
the gender heterogeneity of the occasional couriers in a multimodal urban
transport network. The behavioural dataset was collected in the city of
Kharkiv, Ukraine, at the beginning of 2021. The results indicated that women
were willing to provide CS service with 8% less remuneration than men. Women
were also more likely to make 10% longer detours by car and metro than men,
while male couriers were willing to implement 25% longer detours when
travelling by bike or walking. Considering the integration of CS detours into
the couriers' routine trip chains, women couriers were more likely to attach
the CS trip to the work-shopping trip chain whilst men would use the home-home
evening time trip chain. The estimated marginal probability effect indicated a
higher detour time sensitivity with respect to expected profit and the relative
detour costs of the couriers
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ
The state (regional) transport system is analyzed on the example of Ukraine. The road network of railways and highways of Ukraine is considered, which consists of more than 30 thousand arcs and knots. The models of the network studied are constructed using ArcMap geoinformation technologies. This provides a description of the network elements with geographical accuracy. One of the most problematic areas of engineering and in particular transport networks is the determination of their maximum potential performance indicators. Formalization of certain parameters determines the planning of technical indicators of flows in the network.Based on the results of the simulation of polygons of maximum passenger route transport accessibility for various modes of transport, it is determined that the characteristics of the model set of polygons are influenced by both the selected network model and the connection speed. It is proved that at the same speed of movement polygons constructed in different networks differ. This is due to the individual features of the networks,It has been established that within 1.5 hours of driving, a railway track with a speed of 68 km/h does not reach any nodes (cities) in both networks, and an automotive polygon with the same speed contains one node (city). A polygon constructed on railway networks with a ride within the limits of 1.5 to 3 hours contains one transport node, and automobile under these conditions β two. When examining a landfill that meets the transport accessibility by rail networks within the range of 5 to 8 hours, there are eleven transport nodes, and the automotive network in these conditions is thirteen. Comparing rail and road transport networks, it can be argued that the road transport network has a larger service area than the railway.The carried out researches can be used at the decision of questions of planning of time expenses and power resources in the course of transportation.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ (ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ) ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ.ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½Π° (ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°) ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡ Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π΅ Π· Π½Π°ΠΉΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ². Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ² Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡ
ΠΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²
In recent years the urbanization to affect many countries of the world has made the significant changes to the material flow at all levels of the supply chain. The last mile logistics operating in the urban area has also changed notably. An increase in the volume of material flow within cities has led to a growth in the number of deliveries and the freight turnover, accordingly. The above-stated processes greatly reduce the sustainability of cities, which while keeping the urbanization trend, can lead to the serious negative results of the social and environmental nature not only for the cities, but also for the countries. One way to solve this problem is to create the green supply chains from the multi-echeloning principles. In the paper, the authors have presented a two-echelon green supply chain using the zero transport emissions within the second echelon. A multi-criteria function has been developed to assess the rational location of a transfer point in order to reduce the negative environmental impact from the transportation system. With the PTV Visum software product, a simulation has been conducted to evaluate the alternative scenarios for generating a green supply chain.ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ±Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°, Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π»Π° Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Ρ Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π2Β Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Π°. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ PTV Visum Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ
The state (regional) transport system is analyzed on the example of Ukraine. The road network of railways and highways of Ukraine is considered, which consists of more than 30 thousand arcs and knots. The models of the network studied are constructed using ArcMap geoinformation technologies. This provides a description of the network elements with geographical accuracy. One of the most problematic areas of engineering and in particular transport networks is the determination of their maximum potential performance indicators. Formalization of certain parameters determines the planning of technical indicators of flows in the network.Based on the results of the simulation of polygons of maximum passenger route transport accessibility for various modes of transport, it is determined that the characteristics of the model set of polygons are influenced by both the selected network model and the connection speed. It is proved that at the same speed of movement polygons constructed in different networks differ. This is due to the individual features of the networks,It has been established that within 1.5 hours of driving, a railway track with a speed of 68 km/h does not reach any nodes (cities) in both networks, and an automotive polygon with the same speed contains one node (city). A polygon constructed on railway networks with a ride within the limits of 1.5 to 3 hours contains one transport node, and automobile under these conditions β two. When examining a landfill that meets the transport accessibility by rail networks within the range of 5 to 8 hours, there are eleven transport nodes, and the automotive network in these conditions is thirteen. Comparing rail and road transport networks, it can be argued that the road transport network has a larger service area than the railway.The carried out researches can be used at the decision of questions of planning of time expenses and power resources in the course of transportation.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ (ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ) ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ.ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½Π° (ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°) ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡ Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π΅ Π· Π½Π°ΠΉΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ². Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ² Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡ
Experience in Using E-Learning Tools in Inclusive Educational Space of Higher School
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²'ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Π· Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ IT-ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ², Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ³. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Π· Π²Π°Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΊ (ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π· Π²Π°Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·ΠΎΡΡ, Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΊΡ Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·ΡΡ ΡΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏβΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΌ, Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄, Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π», ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π°Π΄Π°Ρ DAISY-ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ). ΠΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, Π· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠΊΡ, Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ e-ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈ Π² Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈ, Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ. ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏβΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡΡΡΡ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Π² ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏβΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΉ ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ· ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π°ΠΌΠΈ.Issues that are considered in the article are related with e-learning in higher education establishments. In the current context informative-communication technologies changed the market competition of IT-specialists substantially, providing participants of the market with absolutely new instruments and channels of influence on consciousness of mass audience in the region of educational services. The analysis of theoretical research and program developments in industry of e- learning are provided, it is proved that there are strong tendencies of efficiency of introduction of e-learning during life which requires system transformation of organizational and pedagogical bases of learning. Results of research of inclusive problem in higher education by the example of weak-eyed students of Berdyansk State Pedagogical University by means of e-learning are provided. The examples of developments are described (an educational cyberspace for weak-eyed people, and for blind people in professional studies of computer technologies, where themes have audio and video accompaniment, DAISY-format gives partially methodical material). The key trends of e-learning in the region of education are selected, that in total serves as the striking example of transformation of learning from one hand, and availability of technological innovations as basis of experimental researches on the other hand.
The basic factors of successful introduction of e-education are given in higher education establishments, in particular in the conditions of inclusion. It is discovered that in the last few years computerization of universities considerably influenced on speed, availability and other indexes of learning, and also on the personal interest of students in educational process.
Tendencies of researches are defined in the region of e-learning in the conditions of inclusion and underline necessity of opening of experience of higher educational establishments in relation to introduction of computer technologies and special didactics methods in the process of learning of students with the special needs
STIM1L is a new actin-binding splice variant involved in fast repetitive Ca2+ release
A newly identified splice variant of STIM1 called STIM1L forms constitutive clusters that interact with actin and Orai1 and allows fast repetitive Ca2+ release
Malignant hyperthermia
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle that presents as a hypermetabolic response to potent volatile anesthetic gases such as halothane, sevoflurane, desflurane and the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine, and rarely, in humans, to stresses such as vigorous exercise and heat. The incidence of MH reactions ranges from 1:5,000 to 1:50,000β100,000 anesthesias. However, the prevalence of the genetic abnormalities may be as great as one in 3,000 individuals. MH affects humans, certain pig breeds, dogs, horses, and probably other animals. The classic signs of MH include hyperthermia to marked degree, tachycardia, tachypnea, increased carbon dioxide production, increased oxygen consumption, acidosis, muscle rigidity, and rhabdomyolysis, all related to a hypermetabolic response. The syndrome is likely to be fatal if untreated. Early recognition of the signs of MH, specifically elevation of end-expired carbon dioxide, provides the clinical diagnostic clues. In humans the syndrome is inherited in autosomal dominant pattern, while in pigs in autosomal recessive. The pathophysiologic changes of MH are due to uncontrolled rise of myoplasmic calcium, which activates biochemical processes related to muscle activation. Due to ATP depletion, the muscle membrane integrity is compromised leading to hyperkalemia and rhabdomyolysis. In most cases, the syndrome is caused by a defect in the ryanodine receptor. Over 90 mutations have been identified in the RYR-1 gene located on chromosome 19q13.1, and at least 25 are causal for MH. Diagnostic testing relies on assessing the in vitro contracture response of biopsied muscle to halothane, caffeine, and other drugs. Elucidation of the genetic changes has led to the introduction, on a limited basis so far, of genetic testing for susceptibility to MH. As the sensitivity of genetic testing increases, molecular genetics will be used for identifying those at risk with greater frequency. Dantrolene sodium is a specific antagonist of the pathophysiologic changes of MH and should be available wherever general anesthesia is administered. Thanks to the dramatic progress in understanding the clinical manifestation and pathophysiology of the syndrome, the mortality from MH has dropped from over 80% thirty years ago to less than 5%
L-Type Ca2+ Channel Function Is Linked to Dystrophin Expression in Mammalian Muscle
BACKGROUND: In dystrophic mdx skeletal muscle, aberrant Ca2+ homeostasis and fibre degeneration are found. The absence of dystrophin in models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has been connected to altered ion channel properties e.g. impaired L-type Ca2+ currents. In regenerating mdx muscle, 'revertant' fibres restore dystrophin expression. Their functionality involving DHPR-Ca2+-channels is elusive. METHODS AND RESULTS: We developed a novel 'in-situ' confocal immuno-fluorescence and imaging technique that allows, for the first time, quantitative subcellular dystrophin-DHPR colocalization in individual, non-fixed, muscle fibres. Tubular DHPR signals alternated with second harmonic generation signals originating from myosin. Dystrophin-DHPR colocalization was substantial in wt fibres, but diminished in most mdx fibres. Mini-dystrophin (MinD) expressing fibres successfully restored colocalization. Interestingly, in some aged mdx fibres, colocalization was similar to wt fibres. Most mdx fibres showed very weak membrane dystrophin staining and were classified 'mdx-like'. Some mdx fibres, however, had strong 'wt-like' dystrophin signals and were identified as 'revertants'. Split mdx fibres were mostly 'mdx-like' and are not generally 'revertants'. Correlations between membrane dystrophin and DHPR colocalization suggest a restored putative link in 'revertants'. Using the two-micro-electrode-voltage clamp technique, Ca2+-current amplitudes (i(max)) showed very similar behaviours: reduced amplitudes in most aged mdx fibres (as seen exclusively in young mdx mice) and a few mdx fibres, most likely 'revertants', with amplitudes similar to wt or MinD fibres. Ca2+ current activation curves were similar in 'wt-like' and 'mdx-like' aged mdx fibres and are not the cause for the differences in current amplitudes. i(max) amplitudes were fully restored in MinD fibres. CONCLUSIONS: We present evidence for a direct/indirect DHPR-dystrophin interaction present in wt, MinD and 'revertant' mdx fibres but absent in remaining mdx fibres. Our imaging technique reliably detects single isolated 'revertant' fibres that could be used for subsequent physiological experiments to study mechanisms and therapy concepts in DMD
The role of vanilloid receptor (VR1) in cellular mechanisms of nociception.
Available from STL Prague, CZ / NTK - National Technical LibrarySIGLECZCzech Republi
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ² ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΡΠΆΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌβΡΠΊΠΎΡ
The article presents data on the phenotypic diversity of new introgressive lines β derivatives of complex interspecies hybrids and their backcrosses in terms of resistance to common diseases, performance and other breeding traits. This is necessary to create highly productive donors of resistance and increase the efficiency of using the studied material in wheat breeding. Involvement of the selected donor lines in crossing as starting material can give a possibility not only to more successfully solve the problem of increasing the resistance of varieties to diseases, but also expand and improve their genetic basis in relation to other economically valuable traits.Purpose and objectives. Comparison of breeding assessment of the new introgressive lines with the best check varieties the zone. Evaluation of resistance to common diseases and correlations between resistance and some agronomic and economically valuable traits. Selection of highly productive donor lines combining group resistance to diseases with adaptability to growing conditions.Material and methods. The bread wheat lines of various generations, degrees of saturation and origin, which were introgressive by morphological and basic biological characteristics, were studied. Basically, they were obtained by distant hybridization of several winter bread wheat varieties of the steppe ecotype characterized by different alien traits and properties (Odesskaya 267, Albatros, Nikoniya, Selianka, Kuialnik, Panna, Hurt) with one collection and two original introgressive accessions, as well as with six amphiploids derived from Ae. tauschii. The field experiments were carried out according to the conventional breeding design for self-pollinating crops. The material was phytopathologically assessed for the damage intensity using a 9-point integrated unified scale developed from the modified Saari andPrescottβs scale. Grain quality was monitored by the SDS30βK sedimentation index, which was determined by the method developed in the Department of Genetic Basics of Breeding of the PBGI-NCSCI; the protein content - by the Kjeldahl digestion; the 1000-grain weight β by the conventional method. The data were statistically processed by generally accepted methods.Results and discussion. The field experiments allowed us to identify several lines (NIL2, E218/09, E2608/14, E2793/14, AIL1073/16, AIL1074/16 and others) that are resistant to powdery mildew and to 1 or 3 rust pathogens among introgressive genotypes obtained from different crossings. They can be recommended for breeding as genetic donors of resistance to fungal diseases. In addition, lines Er. 2740/17 (E2785/14), Er. 2742/17 (E2791/14) and Er. 2743/17 (E2792/14-2) having no traits of wild species are practically valuable for breeding, as they are resistant to diseases, and their performance is higher than that of the best check varieties.Conclusions. Trials of the collection and new introgressive lines of bread wheat showed that by massively conducted additional crossings, selections and assessments it is possible to create genetic donors of resistance to powdery mildew, three rust pathogens and of high performance as well as genetically stable lines without traits of wild species with performance exceeding that of the best check varieties. Such lines are promising for direct use in practical breedingΠ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π±Π΅ΠΊΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ-Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ².Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ-Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ-ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° (ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ° 267, ΠΠ»ΡΠ±Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ, ΠΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ, Π‘Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΠΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°, ΠΡΡΡ) Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ae. tauschii. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ β ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ 9-Π±Π°Π»Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ Π‘Π°Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅cΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ SDS30βK, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΠΠβΠΠ¦Π‘Π‘, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° β ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Ρ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
β ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ.ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ (NIL2, E218/09, Π2608/14, Π2793/14, AIL1073/16, AIL1074/16 ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.) ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΡ.2740/17 (Π2785/14), ΠΡ.2742/17 (E2791/14), ΠΡ.2743/17 (E2792/14-2), Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ².ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅, ΡΡΡΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.Π£ 2016/17β2018/19 Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΠΌΡΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΡΠ² Π· ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌ'ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠ° Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΆΡ Π· ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΊ Π· Π΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΄ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Π· ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π· ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΌΡΠΆ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠ° Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π· Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±, Ρ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠΊΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΡΡΡΡ, Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ², Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΡΠ²Π΄Π½Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ, Π·Π° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ²
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