Strategic priorities for development of housing construction and renovation sector

The article highlights the problem of sustainable development of the living environment and living standards of the population, which is rather relevant for the governments of most developed countries including Russia. In recent years, the anthropogenic impact of aggressive external medium on the quality of human life increases, which reduces the working capacity of citizens and consequently lowers their labor productivity. The implementation of «Concept for the Transition of the Russian Federation to Sustainable Development», which was elaborated and adopted in 1996, implies a gradual transition to the balanced solution of pressing social and economic issues and problems that concern preserving natural resources in order to meet the needs of present and future generations. The authors emphasized the need for a scientific-theoretical and methodological substantiation of preparing the strategic priorities of the housing development planning with a focus on creating competitive residential housing and renovation projects. The authors note that the greening of housing construction and renovation industry helps to ensure high living standards and contributes not only to improving human well-being and increasing person’s lifetime but also enhances his or her working capacity and labor productivity. The elaboration of strategic priorities of the housing industry development involves the consideration of current challenges of the national economy

Environmental safety of green construction and requirements of urban planning legislation

The vector that defines the strategy of innovative development of the construction industry in Russia consists in providing conditions for increasing labor productivity, reducing energy intensity and prime cost of construction process by means of introducing new institutional mechanisms that allow directing the development of the construction complex to the implementation of green construction (ecological construction) investment projects. Today, the conditions for performing green construction as an innovative and energy-efficient solution of environmental management problems are being provided in Russia taking into account modern environmental requirements. The article discusses some problems and issues of green construction, considering architecture and construction areas that are aimed at erection and operation of buildings with soft impact on the nature. In order to ensure environmental safety, the effectiveness of elaboration and implementation of investment projects for green construction should be substantiated taking into account the ecological-and-economic model of the life cycle based on the subject-oriented approach. The present scientific article defines the state and trend of green construction development in the investment-and-construction sector, analyzes environmental safety and methods of creating the innovative green building development platform. The authors recommend developing a methodological outfit to optimize the interaction of economic entities of green construction. The optimization will help to assess the effectiveness of improving the innovative green building platform and the level of environmental safety

Methodology for environmental safety efficiency within environmental conservation activities in construction industry

The article represents the analysis of environmental conservation activity in construction, aimed at ensuring the environmental effect, which is to prevent pollution of natural resources and, therefore, to improve the quality of building materials and products. There comes a need to correctly evaluate the damage that reduces the efficiency of construction production as a result of environmental pollution. Thus, it seems advisable to consider the methodology for evaluating such damage and to analyze the sufficiency of statistical information. The authors have developed a methodology for ecological and economic assessment of the efficiency of environmental conservation activities in construction. The economic efficiency of environmental conservation costs characterizes only a part of the overall social effectiveness of environmental activities. This, however, does not underestimate the role of such indicators, the analysis of which is necessary to choose the most rational activity, which is impossible without quantitative methods and estimates. Therefore, research should be carried out in this field in order to develop practical recommendations for such evaluations

Legal regulation of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety when using underground resources at regional and local levels

The article deals with environmental and legal problems of using underground resources, particularly associated petroleum gas. Today regional legislation develops unsystematically and inconsistently, because the powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are regulated insufficiently in the sphere of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety, when using underground resources. Some cases contain direct contradictions to federal legislation. Some constituent entities of the Russian Federation have a tendency for normative legal regulation of this area of public relations within the framework of "advanced standard-setting". These tendencies show the need to specify the powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in federal legislation. Disposal of associated petroleum gas is becoming a serious problem today. A great part of this gas is wildly flared getting into the atmosphere, whereas there is a more decent and even profitable way of its disposal. The article analyzes the corporate structure of associated petroleum gas production in Russia and determines the directions for improving the legal framework. Based on their research, the authors propose to develop a Program of implementing a set of measures aimed at increasing the extraction and subsequent processing (disposal) of associated petroleum gas by independent oil companies, which could serve as measures for state stimulation of oil production development

Ecological and economic mechanism for the formation of environmental measures in the gas extraction constructions

The disturbed balance of the “society-nature” system has led to the fact that the production of output usually involves environmental pollution. The reason is that most technological processes are far from perfect and involve formation of intermediate substances or end products that do not participate in further production process and consequently become waste. Therefore, the authors analyze the methodological approaches of integrated environmental and economic assessment of environment protection measures during the construction of gas industry facilities, which is a relevant issue in terms of ecology. The authors claim that the extraction of fuel and energy resources disrupt the biogeocoenosises’ components during the survey, development and exploitation of deposits, leading to the manifestation of dangerous natural management processes and destruction of flora and fauna. Therefore, the environmental-economic mechanism for the formation of environmental measures during the construction of gas facilities should be improved within the framework of the strategy of sustainable economic development of society and ensuring its environmental safety. Analysis of methods for assessing the environmental and economic impact of gas industry enterprises on the environment has shown that enterprises need further instrumental and methodological improvement

Ecological and legal regulation of geological survey, exploration and extraction of minerals during construction

Within the study, the authors of the present article analyzed the acts of both Russian and foreign legislation in the field of legal regulation of geological survey, exploration and mining in terms of construction. Specific legal regulation regarding mineral resources is standing apart due to growing demand of the world economy in such strategic types of mineral raw materials as rare and rare-earth metals or hydrocarbon reserves that are difficult to recover. The article describes the characteristics of certain provisions of the legislation of foreign countries that regulate relations in geological study, exploration and mining, including those within the construction process. The authors classified the forms of conferring rights for geological survey, exploration and mining of minerals, as well as the types of project documentation in the field of mining for the extraction of minerals during construction. Two models of legal regulation of geological survey and exploration (that are defined as eastern and western models) are studied. The authors revealed that minerals appear as the main object of legal relations or as belonging to a certain land plot (subsoil plot) in mining and urban planning legislation of different countries

Strategic priorities for development of housing construction and renovation sector

The article highlights the problem of sustainable development of the living environment and living standards of the population, which is rather relevant for the governments of most developed countries including Russia. In recent years, the anthropogenic impact of aggressive external medium on the quality of human life increases, which reduces the working capacity of citizens and consequently lowers their labor productivity. The implementation of «Concept for the Transition of the Russian Federation to Sustainable Development», which was elaborated and adopted in 1996, implies a gradual transition to the balanced solution of pressing social and economic issues and problems that concern preserving natural resources in order to meet the needs of present and future generations. The authors emphasized the need for a scientific-theoretical and methodological substantiation of preparing the strategic priorities of the housing development planning with a focus on creating competitive residential housing and renovation projects. The authors note that the greening of housing construction and renovation industry helps to ensure high living standards and contributes not only to improving human well-being and increasing person’s lifetime but also enhances his or her working capacity and labor productivity. The elaboration of strategic priorities of the housing industry development involves the consideration of current challenges of the national economy

Digital economy: theoretical and legal enforcement issues in terms of regional aspect

The study on issues of digital economy proved the current existence of the new “digital” economic reality. The traditional legal apparatus used for the statutory regulation of this new economic reality showed itself not only inefficient, but also significantly restraining the actively developing economic processes. In this regard, a plenty of practical and legal collisions occur related to the problems of identification of persons involved in civil-law transactions, property relations regarding digital economic turnover (for instance, relations concerning property rights in the field of distributed ledgers), registration of property rights and deals, regulation of banking line processes, formation of special protection models for relationships based on the use of digital technologies including issues of cybernetic and data security. The development of digital economy will inevitably influence legal principles and demand reconsidering some of doctrinal approaches to traditional legal models of regulating different types of economic activities. In this case, socially just changes in the legal regulation of economic activities should be primarily aimed at removing legal barriers that impede the development of digital economy, as well as at synchronizing legal rules with the technological features of economy’s functioning

Development of public services in the energy field in the age of digital economy

The development of the system of electronic public services, which is one of the directions of change in the digital economy, was the subject of the study in the present article. This system helps the state to interact with the population and organizations in such issues as providing information, particularly on individual requests, organizing public (municipal) procurements, in the matter of prices and tariffs in the energy sector, in providing public services and developing the feedback system (complaints institution), etc. The authors have concluded that a modern state should ensure the coherence between its citizens or business entities and institutions or public administrations on the basis of electronic access. Correct digitization of public administration contributes to the transparency of the public sector. Russia has enough prerequisites for the development of the electronic public services system, since Russia has traditionally established and maintained a high level of people’s education, and these days, the information technology sector develops rapidly. The study identified the main features of information and communication technologies and determined the impact of these technologies on the formation of a system of socio-economic relations and the institutional environment of modern society. The authors substantiated the necessity of a new technology package in Russia that will ensure the transition from analog to digital control methods in the energy industry and support the transformation of consumer behavior models, business practices of energy supply and service companies

Land plots of reclamation territories: construction and ecology-legal issues

The article focuses on the peculiarities of legal relations on using beds and aquatic areas of water bodies, protective shorefronts and water protection zones when creating reclamation grounds as parts of the urban environment. The authors mention that there are no particular sections of land and town-planning legislation required to regulate this process, and the legal status of beds of water bodies is not defined in the legislation. Beds of water bodies belong to water fund lands; therefore, creating reclamation grounds requires a decision on the provision of land plot in a protective shorefront or in water protection zone and a land plot on the bed of a water body. The authors conclude that modern technical means allow determining the site line for creating reclamation grounds. Purposeful human activity aimed at the transformation of environment leads to creation of a territory, which firstly should respond to the attributes of safe environment, and secondly may have attributes of a land plot as a real estate object: in other words, it will be a natural-anthropogenic object. The present paper substantiates the proposals on the need for changes in the legislation governing the procedure for the creation of reclamation grounds