Dendrogeomorphological analysis of landslide activity along the planned S-69 road in the Węgierska Górka municipality (Beskid Śląski Mountains, S Poland)

Our dendrogeomorphological analysis was completed for 4 landslides, situated in the municipality of Węgierska Górka in the Beskid Śląski Mountains in Southern Poland. The local landslides pose a direct threat to the newly designed S-69 expressway running through the north-western part of the municipality. The research material consisted of 127 samples, collected with the use of a Pressler increment borer, from three species of coniferous trees (Norway spruce, Scots pine, and Silver fir). The landslide activity periods were identified on the basis of the splitting of the dendrochronological curves representing the upslope and downslope parts of the tree trunks. The largest number of the studied trees indicated reactions to substrate mass movements in 1964, 1971, 1972, 1984, 1994, 1997, 1998, and 2010. The detailed locations of the sampled trees allowed us to reconstruct the activities of particular landslide sections in time. We identified the fact that parts of the landslides located downslope of the planned road S-69 are more active than parts of the same landslides located above it on the slope. Geological conditions in the studied area favour landslide activity while precipitation is the main triggering factor of landslides

Retarded photooxidation of cyamemazine in biomimetic microenvironments

Cyamemazine (CMZ) is a neuroleptic drug that mediates cutaneous phototoxicity in humans. Here, the photobehavior of CMZ has been examined within (1)-acid glycoproteins, - and -cyclodextrins and SDS micelles. In all these microenvironments, CMZ emission was enhanced and blue-shifted, and its lifetime was longer. Irradiation of the entrapped drug at 355nm, under air; led to the N,S-dioxide. Within glycoproteins or SDS micelles the reaction was clearly slower than in phosphate buffered solution (PBS); protection by cyclodextrins was less marked. Transient absorption spectroscopy in PBS revealed formation of the triplet state ((3)CMZ*) and the radical cation (CMZ(+center dot)). Upon addition of glycoprotein, the contribution of CMZ(+center dot) became negligible, whereas (3)CMZ* dominated the spectra; in addition, the triplet lifetime became considerably longer. In cyclodextrins, this occurred to a lower extent. In all microheterogeneous systems, quenching by oxygen was slower than in solution; this was most remarkable inside glycoproteins. The highest protection from photooxidation was achieved inside SDS micelles. The results are consistent with photooxidation of CMZ through photoionization and subsequent trapping of the resulting radical cation by oxygen. This reaction is extremely sensitive to the medium and constitutes an appropriate probe for localization of the drug within a variety of biological compartments.Financial support from the Spanish Government (CTQ2010-14882, BES-2011-043706, JCI-2010-06204) and from the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2013/005) is gratefully acknowledged.Limones Herrero, D.; Pérez Ruiz, R.; Jiménez Molero, MC.; Miranda Alonso, MÁ. (2014). Retarded photooxidation of cyamemazine in biomimetic microenvironments. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 90(5):1012-1016. https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12303S10121016905Feinberg, A. P., & Snyder, S. H. (1975). Phenothiazine drugs: structure-activity relationships explained by a conformation that mimics dopamine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 72(5), 1899-1903. doi:10.1073/pnas.72.5.1899Jaszczyszyn, A., Gąsiorowski, K., Świątek, P., Malinka, W., Cieślik-Boczula, K., Petrus, J., & Czarnik-Matusewicz, B. (2012). Chemical structure of phenothiazines and their biological activity. Pharmacological Reports, 64(1), 16-23. doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70726-0Domínguez, J. N., López, S., Charris, J., Iarruso, L., Lobo, G., Semenov, A., … Rosenthal, P. J. (1997). Synthesis and Antimalarial Effects of Phenothiazine Inhibitors of aPlasmodium falciparumCysteine Protease. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 40(17), 2726-2732. doi:10.1021/jm970266pAaron, J. J., Gaye Seye, M. D., Trajkovska, S., & Motohashi, N. (2008). Bioactive Phenothiazines and Benzo[a]phenothiazines: Spectroscopic Studies, and Biological and Biomedical Properties and Applications. Bioactive Heterocycles VII, 153-231. doi:10.1007/7081_2008_125White, N. D., & Lenz, T. L. (2013). Drug-Induced Photosensitivity and the Major Culprits. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 7(3), 189-191. doi:10.1177/1559827613475575Onoue, S., Kato, M., Inoue, R., Seto, Y., & Yamada, S. (2013). Photosafety Screening of Phenothiazine Derivatives With Combined Use of Photochemical and Cassette-Dosing Pharmacokinetic Data. Toxicological Sciences, 137(2), 469-477. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kft260Albini , A. E. Fasani B. D. Glass M. E. Brown P. M. Drummond 1998 Photoreactivity versus activity of a selected class of phenothiazines: A comparative study Drugs, Photochemistry and Photostability A. Albini and E. Fasani 134 149 Royal Society of Chemistry CambridgeElisei, F., Latterini, L., Gaetano Aloisi, G., Mazzucato, U., Viola, G., Miolo, G., … Dall’Acqua, F. (2002). Excited-state Properties and In Vitro Phototoxicity Studies of Three Phenothiazine Derivatives¶. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 75(1), 11. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0752.0.co;2García, C., Piñero, L., Oyola, R., & Arce, R. (2009). Photodegradation of 2-chloro Substituted Phenothiazines in Alcohols. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 85(1), 160-170. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00412.xRonzani, F., Trivella, A., Arzoumanian, E., Blanc, S., Sarakha, M., Richard, C., … Lacombe, S. (2013). Comparison of the photophysical properties of three phenothiazine derivatives: transient detection and singlet oxygen production. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 12(12), 2160. doi:10.1039/c3pp50246eFournier, T., Medjoubi-N, N., & Porquet, D. (2000). Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology, 1482(1-2), 157-171. doi:10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00153-9Safaa, E.-G., Wollert, U., & Müller, W. E. (1983). Binding of Several Phenothiazine Neuroleptics to a Common Binding Site of α1-Acid Glycoprotein, Orosomucoid. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72(2), 202-205. doi:10.1002/jps.2600720229MIYOSHI, T., SUKIMOTO, K., & OTAGIRI, M. (1992). Investigation of the Interaction Mode of Phenothiazine Neuroleptics with α1-Acid Glycoprotein. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 44(1), 28-33. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb14358.xTaheri, S., Cogswell, L. P., Gent, A., & Strichartz, G. R. (2003). Hydrophobic and Ionic Factors in the Binding of Local Anesthetics to the Major Variant of Human α1-Acid Glycoprotein. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 304(1), 71-80. doi:10.1124/jpet.102.042028Schill, G., Wainer, I. W., & Barkan, S. A. (1986). Chiral separations of cationic and anionic drugs on an α1-acid glycoprotein-bonded stationary phase (enantiopac®). Journal of Chromatography A, 365, 73-88. doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)81544-2Michishita, T., Franco, P., & Zhang, T. (2010). New approaches of LC-MS compatible method development on α1-acid glycoprotein-based stationary phase for resolution of enantiomers by HPLC. Journal of Separation Science, 33(23-24), 3627-3637. doi:10.1002/jssc.201000627Hermansson, J., & Grahn, A. (1995). Optimization of the separation of enantiomers of basic drugs retention mechanisms and dynamic modification of the chiral bonding properties on a α1-acid glycoprotein column. Journal of Chromatography A, 694(1), 57-69. doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)00936-4Caetano, W., & Tabak, M. (2000). Interaction of Chlorpromazine and Trifluoperazine with Anionic Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) Micelles: Electronic Absorption and Fluorescence Studies. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 225(1), 69-81. doi:10.1006/jcis.2000.6720Ghosh, H. N., Sapre, A. V., Palit, D. K., & Mittal, J. P. (1997). Picosecond Flash Photolysis Studies on Phenothiazine in Organic and Micellar Solution. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101(13), 2315-2320. doi:10.1021/jp963028zIRIE, T., SUNADA, M., OTAGIRI, M., & UEKAMA, K. (1983). Protective mechanism of .BETA.-cyclodextrin for the hemolysis induced with phenothiazine neuroleptics in vitro. Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics, 6(6), 408-414. doi:10.1248/bpb1978.6.408Chankvetadze, B., Kartozia, I., Burjanadze, N., Bergenthal, D., Luftmann, H., & Blaschke, G. (2001). Enantioseperation of chiral phenothiazine derivatives in capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrin type chiral selectors. Chromatographia, 53(S1), S290-S295. doi:10.1007/bf02490344Conilleau, V., Dompmartin, A., Michel, M., Verneuil, L., & Leroy, D. (2000). Photoscratch testing in systemic drug-induced photosensitivity. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 16(2), 62-66. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0781.2000.d01-5.xMorlière, P., Bosca, F., Miranda, M. A., Castell, J. V., & Santus, R. (2004). Primary Photochemical Processes of the Phototoxic Neuroleptic Cyamemazine: A Study by Laser Flash Photolysis and Steady-state Irradiation¶. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 80(3), 535. doi:10.1562/2004-03-15-ra-114.1Morlière, P., Haigle, J., Aissani, K., Filipe, P., Silva, J. N., & Santus, R. (2004). An Insight into the Mechanisms of the Phototoxic Response Induced by Cyamemazine in Cultured Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes¶. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 79(2), 163. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2004)0792.0.co;2Garcia, C., Smith, G. A., McGimpsey, W. G., Kochevar, I. E., & Redmond, R. W. (1995). Mechanism and Solvent Dependence for Photoionization of Promazine and Chlorpromazine. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 117(44), 10871-10878. doi:10.1021/ja00149a010Gao, Y., Chen, J., Zhuang, X., Wang, J., Pan, Y., Zhang, L., & Yu, S. (2007). Proton transfer in phenothiazine photochemical oxidation: Laser flash photolysis and fluorescence studies. 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Line of sight testing

A measurement done for every possible wireless data connection is expensive. It would be useful to reduce the cost. An application which could determine a quality of circumstances influencing possibility of a connection would help to do such a cost reduction. The thesis provides such an application which gives user information about meaningfulness of a real measurement in specific situation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org

Line of sight testing

Provádět měření v terénu pro každý potenciální bezdrátový datový spoj je zbytečně nákladné. Aplikace, která by dokázala předem určit kvalitu podmínek pro vybudování takového spoje, by značně náklady omezila. Cílem práce je takovou aplikaci poskytnout a zprostředkovat tak uživateli informace potřebné pro rozhodnutí, zda má měření vůbec smysl. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)A measurement done for every possible wireless data connection is expensive. It would be useful to reduce the cost. An application which could determine a quality of circumstances influencing possibility of a connection would help to do such a cost reduction. The thesis provides such an application which gives user information about meaningfulness of a real measurement in specific situation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Department of Software EngineeringKatedra softwarového inženýrstvíMatematicko-fyzikální fakultaFaculty of Mathematics and Physic

Altered expression and distribution of FAC1 during NGF-induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells

The molecular mechanisms by which neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF) induce neurite outgrowth and differentiation remain unclear, although multiple intracellular signaling pathways are known to participate. Recent studies have shown that nuclear transcription factors play an important role in NGF-stimulated neuritic outgrowth in PCI2 cells. We investigated whether FACI, a novel transcriptional regulator that exhibits altered subcellular distribution during brain development, is responsive to NGF-induced neurite outgrowth of PCI2 cells. Our studies demonstrate that NGF induces a rapid, transient increase in FACI mRNA that is dependent upon ERK activation, and that FACI protein exhibits altered subcellular distribution during neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest that FACI expression and subcellular localization are regulated by NGF signaling pathways during neurite outgrowth. © 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Von Willebrand factor promoter targets the expression of amyloid β protein precursor to brain vascular endothelial cells of transgenic mice

Dysfunction of brain vascular endothelial cells may be associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases including cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hemorrhagic stroke and Alzheimer disease. New model systems are necessary to examine the contribution of brain endothelial cells in these disorders. The Von Willebrand factor gene promoter fragment that spans sequences -487 to +247 targets the expression of LacZ marker gene in transgenic mice specifically to brain vascular endothelial cells. Transgenic mice have been prepared that express human amyloid β protein precursor protein (AβPP) isoforms 695 and 751 (wild-type and Dutch variant mutations) under the regulation of this VWF promoter sequence. These AβPP transgenes are specifically expressed in brain vascular endothelial cells. The VWF promoter is a valuable tool for targeting gene expression to brain vascular endothelial cells to provide a model to directly examine endothelial cell placement of genes and their contribution to cerebral vascular disease

Comparative proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid between living and post mortem ALS and control subjects

Neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), lack definitive diagnostic tests or biomarkers of disease progression. Most studies that investigate protein abnormalities in ALS have used biofluids such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while some have used post mortem tissue or CSF samples. Since ALS disease progression and post mortem effects probably induce significant alterations to protein modifications or proteolysis, we directly examined the CSF proteome from ALS subjects at various lengths of time from symptom onset and at autopsy by mass spectrometry based proteomics. CSF was also obtained from both healthy age-matched control subjects and at autopsy from healthy and Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) controls. We identified significant differences in the CSF proteome between living and post mortem ALS subjects, as well as living and post mortem control subjects. We also noted differences in the CSF proteome of ALS subjects that have exhibited symptoms for varying lengths of time and between ALS and AD subjects at end-stage of disease. This is the first study describing differences in the CSF proteome from post mortem and living ALS subjects using a mass spectrometric approach. These differences highlight the importance of utilizing CSF from living ALS subjects near the time of symptom onset for the identification of early protein biomarkers, although some protein alterations that occur early in the disease process are maintained throughout the course of disease and in post mortem samples