Deposition and Characterization of Cobalt doped Titanium Dioxide Thin Films using Sol-gel Method

Thin films become more importance and a lot of research and studies have been done toward the improvement and achievement. In this study, the new finding of deposition Cobalt (Co) doped TiO2 thin films have been prepared by sol-gel method onto a glass substrate at room temperature for enhancement of optical properties. The effect of Co doped TiO2 thin films have been studies. The different concentration of Co was varied from 1 wt %, 2 wt % and 3 wt % dopant. The deposition of Co doped TiO2 was prepared by using sol-gel method and spin coating technique on the glass substrate. The obtained films have been annealed at 400 oC, 500 oC, and 600 oC for 2 hours and were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks revealed that the films exhibit showed that Co:TiO2 films are anatase crystalline structure at orientation (101). The surface morphologies of the Co:TiO2 thin films were evaluated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The calcination temperature and content of Co dopant gave a different size of particle and grain boundary. Root Mean Squared (RMS) roughness values increase by increasing the molar ratio of dopant. While, as the calcination temperature increases, the RMS also increasing. The optical properties were studied by using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) with a wavelength range of 300 nm to 1000 nm. The calculated optical band gap decreases with increasing of Co doping

Microstructure FSS patterning to improve 5G microwave signals through low-e plastic windows

Low emissivity (low-e) windows are widely used in the architectural sector to block the infrared (IR) radiation from the Sun. The windows contain a multilayer nanoscale coating of metallic and dielectric layers. The metallic layer, which is responsible for the IR reflection, also attenuates the radio and microwave frequencies used for modern-day technologies such as Fifth Generation (5G) communications. As there is an ever-increasing demand for a reliable interior-to-exterior signal coverage, low-e windows should be transparent to such signals. A class of surface modification — Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is the technique of choice to be applied on the thin metallic coating to transmit the wireless signal.In this work, a thin silver (Ag) film — 10 nm thick was deposited by electron beam evaporation on polycarbonate substrates as an example low-e coating. Despite excellent IR blocking (64 %) and visible light transmittance (60 %), it also presented a high attenuation of 20 dB at 5G signal bands (72–82 GHz).​ FSS patterns of various geometries and sizes were applied via laser ablation and evaluated to provide the lowest attenuation. We demonstrated that the application of the hexagonal pattern provided largest improvement reducing the 5G attenuation value from 20 dB to 1 dB, without compromising the visible transmittance and having only a minor effect on IR reflection

Rheological and thermodynamic behaviour of PSf/ZnO: Effect of zinc oxide

Zinc oxide synthesis normally involve zinc precursor and reduction during the preparation. To improve the dispersion of nanoparticle, the ZnO synthesis is the most promising option since the particles can stabilize in dope solution. However, the process of ZnO synthesis required the addition of polar precursor and reduction agents which are expected to influence the rheological and phase inversion properties of membrane dope solution. It is worth to mention that the rheological properties and phase inversion behaviour of the dope solutions play a critical role in determining the membrane morphology and separation performance. The PSf/ZnO dope solution was prepared via in-situ synthesis using three different precursors and reducing agents. The concentration was varied from 0 wt. %, 1 wt.% and 2 wt.% before dissolving in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as it will completely dissolved together. Three different precursors used were Zinc Chloride, Zinc Nitrate and Zinc Acetate while Sodium Borohydride, Hydrazine Hydrate and Urea are three different reduction agents. The thermal stability of the dope solutions was analyzed using cloud test measurement and the rheological properties were measured using viscometer toward the viscosity of the dope solution. Thermodynamic stability analysis denotes that that the hydrazine hydrate has the lowest water percentage for 15 wt.% of PSf which is 3.30 %. Meanwhile, zinc acetate with hydrazine hydrate have the lowest water percentage for 15 wt.% PSf which is 1.59 %. This also shows that the zinc chloride binodal line nearly to the solvent/polymer axis which might resulted on faster demixing rate and miscibility gap become shorter. Urea is nearest to binodal line. Viscosity test results to highest viscosity of urea as reducing agent in dope solution. Moreover, it shows that the PSf/ZnO solution have Newtonian behaviour. As the concentration of Zinc Oxide increases, the viscosity increases at the room temperature

TCGA-My: A Systematic Repository for Systems Biology of Malaysian Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second among the most commonly occurring cancers in Malaysia, and unfortunately, its pathobiology remains unknown. CRC pathobiology can be understood in detail with the implementation of omics technology that is able to generate vast amounts of molecular data. The generation of omics data has introduced a new challenge for data organization. Therefore, a knowledge-based repository, namely TCGA-My, was developed to systematically store and organize CRC omics data for Malaysian patients. TCGA-My stores the genome and metabolome of Malaysian CRC patients. The genome and metabolome datasets were organized using a Python module, pandas. The variants and metabolites were first annotated with their biological information using gene ontologies (GOs) vocabulary. The TCGA-My relational database was then built using HeidiSQL PorTable 9.4.0.512, and Laravel was used to design the web interface. Currently, TCGA-My stores 1,517,841 variants, 23,695 genes, and 167,451 metabolites from the samples of 50 CRC patients. Data entries can be accessed via search and browse menus. TCGA-My aims to offer effective and systematic omics data management, allowing it to become the main resource for Malaysian CRC research, particularly in the context of biomarker identification for precision medicine